Circuits
What is the formula for Ohm's Law?
V = IR
What is the general formula for a first-order reaction rate?
r = −kCr
What does CSTR stand for?
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
What does AIChE stand for?
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
What is the lag phase in cell growth?
The period when cells adapt to their environment before starting to divide.
If a circuit has a voltage of 10 V and a resistance of 5 Ω, what is the current?
2 A
If the initial concentration is 2 mol/L and decreases to 1 mol/L in 10 minutes, what is the rate constant for a first-order reaction?
k= 0.069min^−1
Name one advantage of a CSTR over a batch reactor.
Steady-state operation and ease of temperature control
Name one principle of the AIChE Code of Ethics.
Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
Write the equation for exponential growth of cells.
N=N_0e^μt
Calculate the equivalent resistance of three 10 Ω resistors connected in series.
30 Ω
or a batch reactor, calculate the time required for a second-order reaction to reach 50% conversion if k=0.5 L/mol\cdotpmink = 0.5 \, \text{L}/\text{mol·min}k=0.5L/mol\cdotpmin and initial concentration is 1 mol/L.
2 minutes
Derive the steady-state mole balance equation for a CSTR.
F_A0 - F_A + r_A V = 0
Provide an example of how an engineer might breach the AIChE Code of Ethics in a workplace setting.
Ignoring a known safety hazard to meet a project deadline.
Define the specific growth rate (μ\muμ
The rate at which cells multiply during exponential growth.
Calculate the total resistance of a circuit with two 8 Ω resistors in parallel and a 4 Ω resistor in a series
8 Ω
Derive the integrated rate law for a zero-order reaction in a batch reactor.
C = C_0−kt
Calculate the required reactor volume for a CSTR operating at 90% conversion with a flow rate of 1 L/min and a reaction rate constant of 0.1 L/mol\cdotpmin\text{L}/\text{mol·min}L/mol\cdotpmin. Assume first-order reaction kinetics.
V=90L
What are the potential consequences for a chemical engineer who violates ethical guidelines in a professional setting?
Loss of credibility, legal repercussions, or harm to the public.
If the specific growth rate is 0.2 hr−10.2 \, \text{hr}^{-1}0.2hr−1, how many cells will be present after 5 hours if the initial cell count is 1×1061 \times 10^61×106?
N=1×106e0.2×5≈2.7×106
Design a circuit with a total resistance of 10 Ω using only 4 Ω and 6 Ω resistors. Show your setup.
Connect two 4 Ω resistors in parallel, resulting in 2 Ω, then add the 6 Ω resistor in series.
A reaction follows second-order kinetics, and the concentration of AAA decreases from 0.8 mol/L to 0.2 mol/L in 15 minutes. Calculate kkk.
k=0.25L/mol\cdotpmin)
Compare the performance of a CSTR and a plug-flow reactor (PFR) for identical reaction conditions. Which would result in a higher conversion for a first-order reaction, and why?
PFR, because concentration decreases along the length of the reactor, allowing more reaction to occur
ou are designing a chemical plant with a limited budget. How would you ensure safety and sustainability without compromising ethical principles?
Prioritize compliance with safety codes, conduct thorough risk assessments, and explore cost-effective but reliable solutions.
Explain why substrate concentration affects cell growth during the stationary phase.
Substrate limitation slows growth due to nutrient depletion.