Congress
What is bicameralism?
The system of having two chambers within one legislative body, like the House and Senate in the U.S. Congress.
What is an excutvie order?
Proclamations made by the president that change government policy without congressional approval.
The system of civil servants and political appointees who implement congressional or presidential decisions; also known as the administrative state.
What does the case Marbury v. Madison say?
Gave the Supreme Court the Power of Judicial Review.
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What is gerrymandering?
Attempting to use the process of re-drawing district boundaries to benefit a political party, protect incumbents, or change the proportion of minority voters in a district.
What is the cabinet?
The group of 15 executive department heads who implement the president’s agenda in their respective positions.
What is the diffrence between civil servants and political appointees?
Civil servants are employees of bureaucratic agencies within the government. Political appointees are people selected by an elected leader, such as the president, to hold a government position.
What is stare decisis?
Precedent or a previously decided case or set of cases that serves as a guide for future cases on the same topic.
What does amendement 7 of the constitution say?
trial by jury
What is the diffrence between descriptive and substantive representation?
Descriptive representation in which a member of Congress shares the characteristics (such as gender, race, religion, or ethnicity) of their constituents. Substantive representation in which a member of Congress serves constituents’ interests and shares their policy concerns.
What is the the War Powers Resolution of 1973?
A federal law that limits the president's ability to commit the U.S. military to armed conflict without congressional consent.
What is a regulation?
A rule that allows the government to exercise control over individuals and corporations by restricting certain behaviors.
What is the diffrence between majority, concuring, and dissenting opinions?
Majority decisions are the ones where a majority of the judges agree. Concurring decisions result when a judge agrees with the ultimate conclusion made by the majority of the court but disagrees on how they reached that decision. Dissenting decisions are judges who do not agree with the majority of the Court.
What does amendment 8 of the constitution say?
No excessive bail or fines
No cruel and unusual punishments
What is cloture?
A procedure through which the Senate can limit the amount of time spent debating a bill (cutting off a filibuster) if a supermajority of 60 senators agree.
What is the Presidents role in their party?
The president is the unofficial head of the president’s political party and generally picks the party’s day-to-day leaders.
What is oversight?
Congressional efforts to make sure that laws are implemented correctly by the bureaucracy after they have been passed.
How many terms does a Supreme Court justice serve?
No term limit it is a lifetime appointment.
What does Amendment 9 of the Constitution say?
The enumeration of specific rights in the Constitution shall not be construed
to deny other rights retained by the people
What is the electoral connection?
The idea that congressional behavior is centrally motivated by members’ desire for reelection.
What is the diffrence between constitutional authority and statutory authority?
Constitutional is powers derived from the provisions of the Constitution that outline the president’s role in government. Statutory is Powers derived from laws enacted by Congress that add to the powers given to the president in the Constitution.
What is principal-agent theory?
A theoretical framework that focuses on the relationship where one party, known as the "Principal," delegates tasks to another party, called the "Agent," for execution, often leading to challenges due to potential misalignments in decision-making between the two parties.
What is the nuclear option?
A parliamentary procedure that allows the Senate to override a standing rule by a simple majority, avoiding the two-thirds supermajority normally required to invoke cloture on a measure amending the Standing Rules.
What does Amendment 10 of the Constitution say?
Powers not delegated by the Constitution to the national government are
retained by the states