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Organization and Function of Genomes
Replication and Gene Regulation
Bacterial Communication
Viruses
DNA elements
100
Name the shape and number of strands in a prokaryote and eukaryote genome.
Prokaryotes are circular and double-stranded while eukaryotes are linear and double-stranded.
100
In prokaryotes, after replication begins, the ______ structure is formed.
theta
100
How do bacteria communicate with their neighbors?
Quorum Sensing
100
What is the working definition of a virus?
Fiterable and passageable
100
________ is the capacity of a cell to uptake DNA.
Competence
200
What is the charge of DNA and histones?
DNA has a negative charge, histones positive.
200
An enzyme undergoes _________ _________ when removing introns to form its active form.
proteolytic processing
200
What is the autoinducer of V. fischeri?
AHL or Acyl-homoserine lactones
200
TMV is an example of a _______ virus. (shape)
Helical
200
In Streptococcus pneumoniae, what is the highly virulent strain called? What is the difference between the virulent and non-virulent strain?
S strain, outer coat of polysaccharides
300
In E. coli, what is the replication initiation region called?
OriC or origin
300
Hydrolization by ______________ makes DNA synthesis irreversible. ___ is hydrolyzed into__________.
pyrophosphatase; PPi or pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed into orthophosphate
300
In the AHL molecule, what side chain is species-specific?
R groups/motives
300
What is the assay that quantitates viruses? What type of viruses are used?
Plaque forming assay; bacteriophage
300
What is the DNA uptake machinery that allows DNA to cross the outer membrane of G- bacteria?
PilQ
400
A ________ is a ~_____ bp complex made of histones and DNA.
Nucleosome; 200bp
400
________ is the regulation of a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
Allosteric regulation/control
400
Name the QS molecule produced by E. faecalis, the number of subunits, and the purpose of each subunit.
Cytolysin, 2; small: acts as an autoinducer that monitors the environment; large: monitors vicinity for eukaryotic host
400
What are the stages of bacterial virus replication? What molecules are produced just before the last step?
Transcription, genome replication, translation, particle assembly, release. Protein coat molecules.
400
The ______ can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination. This is also known as an _______.
F-plasmid, episome
500
DNA ______ also known as _____________ introduces _______ supercoiling and rotates a total of _______ degrees.
DNA gyrase or topoisomerase II introduces negative supercoiling and rotates a total of 720 degrees (2 supercoils).
500
Name three types of transcription factors and indicate the number of recognition helices.
Leucine zipper (2), Zinc Finger (1), Helix turn Helix (1)
500
Name the two AI peptides in B. subtilis and their targets
Comx for competence, CSF for sporulation
500
What are the proteins that determine the lytic/lysogeny pathway. Describe what happens to the proteins in relation to the pathway.
cI and cII; lytic: cII broken down, lysogenic: cIII stabalizes cII.
500
This __________ aadB confers resistance to ___________.
integron, aminoglycoside antibiotics