Cultural Accommodations
Students may experience excitement about being in the new environment.
What is euphoria?
A second language is eventually added to a student’s home language without replacing the L1.
What is additive bilingualsim?
The study of the sound system of a language.
What is phonology?
English language learners need 2,000 to maintain conversations and 10,000 to comprehend challenging academic materials.
What is lexicon or vocabulary?
We are born with the ability (LAD) to acquire language and understand the grammar rules of that language.
What is Noam Chomsky's innatism theory?
ELLs may experience anger, hostility, frustration, homesickness, or resentment towards the new culture.
What is culture shock?
A situation in which a new language eventually replaces a student’s home language.
What is subtractive bilingualsim?
The study of the structure of words in which the central unit of analysis is the smallest unit of meaning or grammatical function.
What is morphology?
These words are similar in the two languages because they come from the exact origin or root.
What are cognates?
The belief is that children learn language through imitation and positive reinforcement.
What is B. F. Skinner's behaviorists' theory?
Students experience acceptance from the initial culture shock, while language proficiency increases, making ELLs feel more confident.
What is acceptance or tentative recovery?
The level of skill a student demonstrates in a language, the ability to understand messages, express meaning effectively, self-correct, and use the language fluently in real-world situations and across various contexts.
What is (English) language proficiency?
The study of how language is used, that is, how individuals produce and interpret language in social interaction in specific contexts.
What are prgamatics?
Educators teach synonyms, antonyms, and homophones to teach the meanings of individual words and larger units such as phrases and sentences.
What is semantics?
The first stage of the language acquisition process is when the student is not talking but is actively processing the L2. This stage usually lasts from 2 to 6 months, or even longer for some ELLs.
What is the silent period?
Students may embrace and adapt to their surroundings and their "new" culture with new 'self-confidence.'
What is assimilation?
Texas' teachers use phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension to inform reading instruction in K-2-grades.
What are the five components of reading in Texas?
The study of sentence patterns of a language and the rules that govern the relationship between words; that is, how they are combined to form phrases and sentences.
What is syntax?
The relationship between the letters (or letter combinations) in written language and the individual sounds in spoken language.
What is phonics?
Children acquire language when they understand what is said and when the messages are meaningful. Teachers should teach slightly above the learners' current language proficiency in L2 to help them acquire language naturally rather than learn consciously (memorization, drill).
What is Krahsen's comprehensible input hypothesis? [i = i]
Teachers should value students' home culture and language, advocate for student and family rights, and teach culturally relevant instruction.
How can teachers lesson ELLs culture shock?
Group students according to their English proficiency levels to provide ELS an expert to learn from and linguistic support.
What are collaborative (heterogeneous) group arrangements?
The way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances where such factors are determined by social occasion, content, purpose, and audience.
What is a register?
When students read smoothly, they can comprehend text rather than decode it.
What is fluency?
An imaginary wall that describes a learner's attitude impacts how they acquire L2. For example, fear and anxiety hinder SLA, but self-confidence and motivation will increase SLA.
What is Krashen’s affective filter hypothesis?