Chp 8 Citizenship
the news, the press, and sometimes just the media aka the fourth estate
journalism
A name for people like youtubers and instagrammers
Prosumer
Greek for "imitation," is the representation of reality in art and literature
Mimesis
refers to the shrinking number of owners of media companies (monopoly can contribute to this)
concentration
culture used to engage citizens in democratic experience and communication
civic culture
an audience that is making meaning and sense of the work by close viewing and critical thinking
active audience
after there is the signifier, such as a word or an image, what is the mental perception of the word or image called?
signified
upstart competitors aiming to diminish the power of the established companies
insurgents
a theory formulated by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas about the relationship between democracy and its citizens
the public sphere
the experience of media by audiences is
reception
when there is meaning being put to a signifier through the culture and other contexts this is called:
code / coded / coding
Some researchers attend trade conventions where they might have a chance to interact with media professionals to get to know the (blank)
Culture of Production
might be another name for an online community, but the term may also invoke the civic potential in participatory cultures, along with new possibilities for spreading knowledge and organizing collective action that networked digital technologies offer us
Any time you reject the preferred meanings, the underlying assumptions or taken-for-granted ideas in a media text, any time you feel outraged or offended by something in the media, you are what Hall terms...
Oppositional Reader
act of writing drawing or speaking separate from the language system itself
Parole
BLANK is not the awakening of nations but to self consciousness: it invents nations where it does not exist
Nationalism
When the sponsor, not the viewer or listener or reader, is the one whose money the media producers are after the audience functions as
commodity
a public that is premised on its opposition to another dominant or mainstream public
counterpublic
When watching a news report about a violent crime, you might respond with sympathy and concern for the victim and outrage at the perpetrator is an example of
preferred reading / dominant reading
those who think it is not the material world which conveys meaning; it is the language system or whatever system we are using to represent our concepts
constructionist approach
This has created a dominance in one language over another in print-language that has given power to one peoples/dialect over another.
Print Capitalism
look at connections between, on the one hand, media companies and their ways of making money, and on the other hand, the forms of media produced by these companies.
Political Economists