What term is used to define a volume change per unit of change in the pressure difference across the structure?
Compliance
100
What term is used to refer the blood that enters the arterial system without going through ventilated areas of lung?
Shunt
100
Where are the central chemoreceptors located?
Medulla
200
What term is used to define the volume of the conducting airways that does NOT participate in gas exchange?
Anatomic dead space
200
Under resting metabolic conditions, how much carbon dioxide does a normal adult produce per minute?
200 ml/min
200
Where is the breathing controlled in the brain?
Brainstem (pons & medulla)
300
In a normal adult subject, a PaCO2 is _____ mm Hg.
40 mmHg
300
Define hypoventilation.
Elevated blood carbon dioxide level
300
What chemical agent is directly responsible for minute-to-minute control of breathing?
H+
400
Do the tidal volume and respiratory rate increase or decrease when respiratory muscles fatigue?
Decrease, increase
400
How does hyperventilation affect the blood carbon dioxide level?
Decreases
400
What lung receptor system is related to the sigh mechanism
Deflation reflex
500
What term is used describe the ventilation that does not meet metabolic needs and thus result in respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation
500
Even in healthy young subjects, regional differences in pulmonary ventilation and blood flow result in the PaO2 being lower than the PAO2. Why is this so?
Most blood flows through the bases of the lung.
500
When you are involved with procedures such as suctioning, bronchoscopy, or endotracheal intubation, what reactions your patient might have?
Laryngospasm and bradycardia through a vagovagal reflex