Oceans
Sea Otters were over-hunted for their pelts where?
What is the Pacific Ocean
What country was the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) based in?
What is the Netherlands?
Some biologists and anthropologists argue that these whales have culture because of their group-based, learned hunting styles, matriachal groups, and shared language.
What are Killer whales/orcas?
The idea that all planets revolve around Earth, suggested by the Greeks and popularized by Ptolemy.
What is geocentrism?
About 500 million years after Earth formed, oceans formed (when)
What is 4 billion years ago?
Ibn Batutta, a 14th century Islamic legal scholar, sailed via the monsoon trade winds, visiting port cities in Africa, China, Southeast Asia and India, as well as visiting Mecca many times on which ocean?
What is the Indian Ocean?
Who funded Christopher Columbus' four expeditions in search of Asia?
Portugal
This fish provided sustenance for 60% of seafood eating Europeans in the 16th-18th centuries, was salted, and likely helped navigators get to North American without starving.
What is the Atlantic cod?
Related to whaling, travel, and new interest in the physical geography of the ocean, the discovery of the depths of the ocean (the 3rd dimension) happened in this era.
Mid-19th century.
A period (541-485 MYA) which is known for its great diversity of marine life---the explosion refers to the huge number of species that lived in this period and whose fossilized bodies were found in the Burgess Shale
What is the Cambrian Explosion?
What is the Atlantic Ocean?
This nation became an imperial power in the 19th C. due to its interest in protecting its commercial whaling industry.
What is the United States?
almost hunted to extinction at their calving grounds off the coast of baja california in the 1800s
what is the gray whale
This person said knowledge should be based on a lot of observations, the ocean was a source of limitless natural knowledge, knowledge = power
Who is Francis Bacon?
The age of Vikings was
When is 800-1000 CE
This is the sea on which the Phoenicians become proficient navigators
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
This Treaty, adjudicated by the Catholic Pope, designated the lands/oceans west of line open to Spanish exploration & control, and east of the line for the Portuguese
What is the Treaty de Tordesillas (1494-post Columbus)
This whale was viewed at ideal for commodification because it did not sink
what is the right whale
The people of the Pacific Islands were the first to master this skill.
What is open-ocean navigation?
Known as the Jurassic Period, this time could be called ................. for its high number of mollusk species represented in the fossil record
What is the Age of Oysters
If one passed through the Straights of Gibraltar (the Pillars of Hercules), one would be sailing from the _______to the ___________?
What are the Mediterranean and the Atlantic (any order)?
Whose hunting practices and territory grabs were largely blamed for the extinction of Stellar's sea cow?
What is Russia?
Found in shell middens in the Channel Islands (USA:CA) the variable amounts of these shells showed that the Chumash people caused ecosystem-wide changes on the plant and animal populations
abalone
The idea that these ecosystems are living, functional units with a high productivity based on mutually beneficial relationships between species; came about in the mid-twentieth century.
Peak of American commercial whaling was
When is 1835-1855 (will accept middle decades of 19th C)