Empires
Describe the Aztec method for crop cultivation
Chinampas
What time frame is the Age of Exploration?
1400-1600s
What is the Renaissance?
- a change in the way people thought. A movement towards humanism and away from religion.
A meeting among the Clergy, Nobility, and Third Estate (everyone else in France) where they stated their grievances to King Louis XVI.
Why was England interested in the New World?
- quest for territorial expansion and growth.
John Cabot claimed "Newfoundland" which is Canada.
Lost Colony of Roanoke in 1588.
Jamestown-1607
Who is Mansa Musa?
- credited with growing Timbuktu (major city)
- brought Islam to Africa (religious leadership)
- spend huge sums of money on his pilgrimage
What was the purpose for exploration in the 1400s?
Major goal: Trade Routes and looking for a network to India/Asia.
Using Mercantilism: Export more than you import.
Describe the printing press:
-1450
- Gutenberg
- Mechanized tool to create books easier.
- Led to huge increase in literature and reading levels.... Protestant Reformation.
Who made-up the Third Estate? (order)
First estate- Catholic Clergy
Second estate- Nobility
Third estate- Bourgeoise, urban workers, and peasants (22-27 million)
What are two important trade goods during the Age of Exploration?
Gold and Salt
Which dynasty used the Civil Service Exam?
The Ming
Describe the Spanish conquest in the Americas.
- By Christopher Columbus
- landed in the Bahamas
- his journey kick-started the exploration among other major powers.
- Francisco Pizarro claimed the Incan territory in 1534 with the help of smallpox
Why were Catholic officials angry with the new ideas forming in the Scientific Revolution?
- New ideas limited the power and authority of the Catholic clergy.
- growth in secular ideals.
- moving into rational knowledge
Why were colonists opposing the mother country of Britain during the 1760s?
1. Seven Years War debt
2. Unfair taxation- No taxation without representation.
3. Unfair acts: Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Acts, boycotts increasing
What is Proclamation Line of 1763?
- Rule or law that forbid the colonists to move west of the Appalachian mountains to claim the territory that was won during the Seven Years War.
What is Quipu?
- Incan device to record information with knots and strings.
Who is Vasco De Gama?
- advanced Bartolomeu Dias 1488 discovery of the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) and sailed around Africa to India and back- opening up a trade route: the Indian Ocean Basin. This gave Portugal the lead in exploration.
What is the Social Contract theory?
- a belief that power in the government comes from the authority of the people instead of Divine Right.
What was the Reign of Terror?
- a 10 month period in France where a radical extremist group- The Jacobins- took over and established the National Convention.
- Anyone who did not support the revolution's cause faced the guillotine.
-Robespierre acted as a dictator.
What is the Articles of Confederation?
- First government for the newly defined U.S. nation
- gave states more power than the federal government or central government.
- intentionally weak.
- Only one branch of government for the federal level: Congress and their power was limited. No taxation powers.
How did the Ming Dynasty expand their control?
By building the Grand Canal to stretch between the Northern and Southern regions of their land.
By using Zheng Hu to lead expeditions.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
- transfer of goods, people, animals, plants, and diseases from the Old and New World.
- Europe, Asia, Africa..... Americas
What did Voltaire believe in? (Francois- Marie Arouet)
What did John Locke believe in?
Voltaire: freedom of speech!
Locke: Social Contract Theory, people are born with a blank slate (Tabula Rasa) and the purpose of the government is to protect their citizens/ their rights.
How are the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions similar?
- All three use the ideals from the Enlightenment: fair trials/ punishments, freedom of speech, more natural rights, social contract theory.
- All three were fleeing from an unjust tyrannical power.
How did the Renaissance influence the Protestant Reformation?
- The Renaissance was the growth of new ideas forming and those ideas were used to question the power of religious figures.