Midterm Neurology

Nervous tissue/Spinal cord

100

The organelle for protein synthesis in cells is called __________. The organelle in neurons that synthesize proteins is called______________

ER and Nissl body

200

Match-unipolar, multipolar and bipolar

1-multipolar

2-bipolar (axon and dendrite come on from cell body)

3-unipolar (cell body has process that comes out and dendrite and axon will attach to that process)

300

This pump contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential.

a) Ca2+/Na+

b) Na+/K+ ATPase

c)K+/Ca2+

B

400

The myelin sheath is produced by ____________  (PNS) and _______________ (CNS)

a) Schwann cells

b) oligodendrocytes

500

Matching: 

1-Absolute Refractory Period

2-Relative refractory period 

3-Resting Membrane Potential

A-Voltage gated K+ channels open

B-Voltage gated Na+channel open, K+ channels are open

C-Relative Refractory-Voltage gated K+ channels open. Na+ activation gates are closed. Na+ inactivation gates are open. 

1-B-Absolute Refractory-Voltage gated Na+channel activation gates are open, K+ channels are open. Na+ channels start inactivating

2-C-Relative Refractory-Voltage gated K+ channels open. Na+ activation gates are closed. Na+ inactivation gates are open. 

3-A-Resting Membrane Potential-Na+ channels are in resting state and K+ channels are closed

Brain

100

Dominant hand preference is the result of what function? 

Hemispheric lateralization

200

This part of the brainstem is continuous with the superior aspect of the spinal cord and contains portions of both motor and sensory tracts

medulla oblongata

300

The lateral ventricle and 3rd ventricle are found in which part of the brain?

Cerebrum

400

As you are getting ready to write your exam what brain waves are active as you stress? These waves activate when some of you are awake and resting your eyes during A and P lecture? 

1-Theta waves

2-Alpha waves

500

Your patient has been tested for stroke and all was fine. They are complaining of difficulty with Somatic Speech, manipulation of food, and swallowing. What cranial nerve is most likely damaged? 

Hypoglossal (XII)

Autonomic

100

Sympathetic preganglionic release: ____

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release____ 

 Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons release _____NE;  

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ______.

Ach

Ach

NE

Ach

200

Long preganglionic neuron and short postganglionic neuron- sympathetic or parasympathetic

Short preganglion neuron and long post ganglionic neuron -sympathetic or parasympathetic

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

300

Which of these is for special senses: 

C is the answer

A is for Cold stimulus,itch

B is for Vibration

400

Autonomic tone has the following features: 

a) Autonomic tone is the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity

b) It is regulated by the hypothalamus

c) Effects body organs differently

d) all of the above

D-all of the above

500

Which of these is in the correct order for the autonomic reflex arc? 

a) Receptor – sensory neuron – integrating center – motor neuron – effector

b) Receptor – motor neuron – integrating center – sensory neuron – effector

c) Effector – sensory neuron – integrating center – motor neuron – receptor

d) Integrating center – receptor – sensory neuron – motor neuron – effector

e) Receptor – sensory neuron – motor neuron – effector – integrating center

A

Brain part 2

100

This part of the brain helps regulate muscle tone, alerts the cortex to incoming sensory signals, and is responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep

The reticular formation

200

This part of the brain regulates emotional and behavioral patterns, regulates eating, thirst, body temperature. 

Hypothalamus

300

Which colliculi for each:1) ______________ coordinate movements of head, eyes, and trunk in response to visual stimuli. 2)_____________ coordinate movements of head, eyes, and trunk in response to auditory stimuli, startle reflex

Superior colliculi

 Inferior colliculi

400

Which of these are symptoms of Parkinson's and which nuclei is impacted? 

a) shaking hands

b) muscle rigidity

c) slowed movement

d) all of the above

D-all of the above 

and basal nuclei is damaged

500

The hipposcampus is responsible for: 

a) STM

b) LTM

c) memory consolidation (STM to LTM)

d) hippos that are camping

c) memory consolidation (STM to LTM)

Tracts

100

Matching: 

1.Muscle spindles 2. Tendon organs 3. Joint kinesthetic receptors

A-Are a type of proprioceptor, found at the junction of a tendon and a muscle, that protects muscles and tendons from damage due to overstretching

B are a type of proprioceptor, found in skeletal muscles, that monitors muscle length and are involved in stretch reflexes

C. Exist in and around the joint capsule of synovial joints and they respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration during movement and help to protect against excessive strain

1.B

2. A

3. C

200

Nerves that extend out of the brain stem and spinal cord are called: 

LMN

300

Lateral corticospinal pathway decussation of 90% of the tracts happen at what level? 

Medulla

400

The right side of the cerebellum receives information from what side of the cerebrum? 

The left side 

500

Which nucleus is heavily involved with the limbic system? 

Lateral Dorsal Nuclei