Midterm Review 1

Astronomy

100

The altitude of Polaris (North Star), is _______ the altitude of the observer. 

Equal to

(If an observer is at 43 degrees North and 75 degrees West, Polaris would be 43 degrees North above the horizon)

200

What is Earths approximate rate of movement along its orbit?

One degree per day

300

When the moon passes between earth and the sun, a _____  _____ occurs.

Solar Eclipse

(Fun Fact: there will be a solar eclipse on 4/08/2024)

400

What are the characteristics of a Jovian planet?

Mostly gaseous in composition AND less dense AND large in size

(Terrestrial planet= More dense, smaller in size, mainly rocky in composition)

500

When did the Big Bang occur, AND what are two pieces of evidence supporting that the event took place?

~13.8 billion years ago

- Red shift/blue shift (Hubbles discovery

-cosmic background radiation

Mapping

100

What do closely drawn contour lines indicate?

A steeper slope

200

Every fifteen degrees longitude is equal to ____ ____.

One hour

360 degrees/24 hours = 15 degrees per hour

300

What is the highest possible elevation on the contour map below?

Contour Interval = 100 feet

2099 feet

400

What percentage of earths surface is covered by water?

71%

(the oceans HOLD ~96% of earths water)

500

If it is 2pm at location A, what time is it at location B?

10am

(west is less)

Meteorology

100

What weather instrument measures wind speed?

Anemometer

200

The polar jet stream is located in the __________

Mid-Upper Troposphere

300

Thermal expansion and the melting of sea ice/glaciers is causing ____________

Sea Level Rise

400

What is located in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful radiation from the sun?

Ozone (O₃)

500

What are the three elements in the troposphere by volume and their approximate percentages?

Oxygen (21%)

Nitrogen (78%)

Other (1%)

Reference Tabe

100

Using page 13 of the ESRT:

80 *F = ____ K

300 K

200

Which planet has the smallest eccentricity of orbit?

Venus

300

Using page 15 of the ESRT:

Which type of star (category) has a luminosity of ~1000 and a surface temperature of 20,000 K?

Main sequence

400

True/False: Electromagnetic Spectrum (page 14)

On the "Visible Light" portion of the spectrum, blue light has a longer wavelength than red light.

False!!!

(Think about space: Redshift = moving away whereas blueshift = moving towards)

500

The angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis

Axial tilt

(this helps to determine the attitudes of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn)

Vocab.

100

Define the Milky Way (not the candy bar)

The spiral galaxy in which Earth and our solar system reside.

(galaxy = grouping of solar systems)

200

The apparent _________ of a freely moving object like water or air because of Earth’s rotation.

Deflection

300

_____ is defined as: 

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of material by 1 *C.

Specific Heat

400

The amount of solar radiation striking a given area over a given period of time.

Insolation

(A rough and dark surface will absorb more energy because....______?)

500

Name and define each (THREE) type of heat transfer.

Conduction: heat transfer through direct contact

Convection: hot less dense material rises, cool more dense material sinks (boiling water, lava lamp, earths interior)

Radiation: Energy in the form of waves. (the sun emits radiation that heats the earth)