Module 2
two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
isomer
what is a nucleotide made up of?
deoxyribose sugar + phosphate group + nitrogenous base
Steps of mitosis
PMAT - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
noncellular infection agent that has genetic information inside a protective protein coat - it cannot reproduce on its own, it must infect a living cell
virus
tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae; considered plant-like
phytoplankton
building blocks of lipids/fats
fatty acids
3 base sequence on DNA
triplet
3 base sequence on tRNA
anticodon - it transfers amino acids to ribosomes
an organism that causes disease
pathogen
feeds on living material to the detriment of its host
parasite/parasitic
building blocks of DNA and RNA
nucleotides
4 types of nitrogenous bases for DNA - which ones pair together?
Adenine/Thymine pair A/T Guanine/Cytosine pair G/C
What is the cell cycle?
Interphase (business as usual) and mitosis
main shapes of bacteria
coccus (round)
bacillus (rod-like)
spirillum (spiral-like)
these protists belong to the sarcodine family. They live in ponds, lakes, and slow-moving rivers. They use pseudopods (false feet) to move
amoebas
chemical reaction in which molecules combine by adding water & opposite chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water
adding water --> hydration
removing water --> dehydration
name two differences between RNA and DNA
RNA has bases A,U (uracil), G, C and a single helix shape. DNA has A,T,G,C and a double-helix. RNA travels from nucleus to carry the protein blueprint to ribosomes; DNA is in nucleus.
What is a codon and what does it go with?
a codon is a three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
name 3 ways to reduce the chances of bacterial contamination in food
heat thoroughly & place in an airtight container, refrigerate, freeze, dehydrate
**clean all containers before using**
these protists live in water (ponds, lakes, and slow-moving rivers) - transportation happens with cilia; they beat their hair-like cilia rhythmically to move from place to place
paramecium are ciliates
an attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together
cohesion
process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells, making exact copies of original cell
mitosis
prepares cells for sexual reproduction - does it make exact copies?
meiosis - no, each new cell will have HALF the genetic information it needs, thus it is not an exact copy of the original cell
3 types of genetic recombination in bacteria
conjugation, transformation, transduction
plant-like protists that live in freshwater environments - transportation is the flagellum; these organisms also have chloroplasts and an eye spot
euglena