South African Apartheid
When was Apartheid in South Africa?
1948-1994
Define capitalism and make sure to mention at least two features of capitalism
An economic system where private individuals and businesses own property and make economic decisions, often guided by profit and market competition.
When was the Cold War?
1945-1991
The USSR's military alliance formed during the Cold War in response to NATO.
This activist went to jail for 27 years after protesting both peacefully and not-peacefully to end Apartheid in South Africa. He later became the first Black president of South Africa in 1994.
Who is Nelson Mandela?
What are the FOUR racial classifications under the Apartheid regime?
Black (Bantu), White, Colored, Indian
In a 100% capitalist society, this does not exist
Government involvement in the economy
How many countries were in the Soviet Union?
15
What was the Peaceful Coexistence Policy and who created it?
a USSR Cold War policy created by Nikita Khrushchev, that accepted the existence of both communist and capitalist countries and aimed to reduce the risk of war—by competing politically and economically rather than through direct military conflict.
A war fought between two powers within the same country or region.
Civil War
Which countries were the original colonizers of South Africa from?
Great Britian, Germany and the Netherlands
Identify one similarity and one difference between communism and socialism.
Similar: Both support economic equality and both limit private ownership.
Different: Socialism allows some private property and democratic systems, as well as individual differences in wages/wealth and communism eliminates private property has everything be shared equally among civilians.
Who were the leaders of the superpowers at the time of the start of the Cold War?
Truman and Stalin
This is when the U.S. committed to flying food, fuel, and supplies into West Berlin to prevent Stalin/the USSR from taking over all of Berlin.
The Berlin Airlift
A security agreement in which countries agree that an attack on one member is considered an attack on all, and they will respond together to defend each other. This is used by NATO.
What is collective defense?
The anti-Apartheid protest group that used "radical" protest and guerilla tactics such as sabotage of government property.
Who is Umkhonto we Sizwe?
This term means to reduce or provide a free service to a group of people, typically based on need. This is used in socialist governments.
Subsidized
Define Cold War and identify two features of a Cold War
A war with no formal declaration of war and no direct physical fighting between countries. Typically there is a lot of tension between countries and high-risk of hot war breaking out at any time (although it might never come).
War will manifest in suspicion/surveillance/spying of enemy countries technological advancements/arms race, propaganda against enemy countries and attempts to gain support for your country/”side.”
Identify TWO things that occurred during the Second Red Scare in the U.S.
Jailing and/or executions of those deemed communist spies for the USSR (ex: Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs)
Blacklisting of individuals in Hollywood associated with/accused of being associated with communism
House Un-American Activities Committee created to search for Hollywood actors who had communist ties
Creation of anti-communist propaganda
Senator Joseph McCarthy used “McCarthyism” to accuse opponents of being communist and getting them removed from office.
What is the main motivator for larger countries joining into the conflicts of smaller nations in a proxy war?
History of colonization, a white supremacist group being elected into power (the National Party) and the National Party having a military advantage over the majority non-white population
Why are fascism and communism often confused?
True communism is difficult to impossible to implement without a government and both involve limited individual freedoms. ALSO, historically a lot of leaders have used communism as a front for fascism.
The U.S.’ main Cold War foreign policy created by U.S. president Harry S. Truman in the Truman Doctrine. Aimed at stopping the spread of communism by preventing it from expanding to new countries, rather than trying to eliminate it where it already existed. The U.S. would use “peaceful” means such as economic assistance, forming alliances, creation of propaganda, etc. to prevent the spread of communism first before turning to force/war. War is the last resort but an option if necessary to “stopping” the spread of communism.
Identify 2 impacts of the Berlin Blockade/Airlift
Germany/Berlin remained divided and later the Berlin Wall was built
Stalin had to end the blockade
List three examples of the U.S. using the containment policy
1. Creation of propaganda
2. Berlin Airlift
3. Involvement in the Korean Civil War
4. Creation of NATO