Show:
Types of Variation
Prescriptivism and Descriptivism
Standard Language Ideology
Spanish Speakers in the U.S.
Linguistic Profiling
100
Fill in the blank:


___________ is intrinsic to all spoken language at every level, and much of it serves an emblematic purpose.

What is Variation?
100
Prescribed rules about how people SHOULD speak.
What is prescriptivism?
100
True or False:


Everyone has an accent.

What is true?
100
This is the language with the second most native speakers in the world.
What is Spanish?
100
This is the analysis of a person's speech or writing, especially to identify them with a particular subgroup.
What is linguistic profiling?
200
Variation in language occurs


a) quickly

b) gradually

c) only in non-standard dialects

d) only at the level of slang

What is b) gradually?
200
How people ACTUALLY speak.
What is descriptivism?
200
Speakers of *SAE are supposedly all of the following EXCEPT:

a)uneducated

b)educators or broadcasters

c) people who pay attention to their speech

d) easily understood by all

What is a) uneducated
200
This U.S. commonwelath accounts for 9.2% of Spanish speakers in the U.S.
What is Puerto Rico?
200
Which choice best reflects how often can race be accurately identified from voice alone?

a) 100%

b) >70%

c) >25%

d) <25%


What is b) >70%?
300
Variation occurs at the following level

a) phonological (sounds)

b) lexical (words)

c) syntax (sentence structure)

d) semantics (meaning)

e) all of the above

What is e) all of the above?
300
In some countries (ex. Spain, France) these organizations design the prescriptive grammar rules.
What are governmental academies?
300
Language "experts" who others look to for guidance are typically

a)prescriptivists

b) descriptivists

c) senators

d) musicians

What is a) prescriptivists
300
This treaty resulted in much of Mexico becoming part of the U.S. where English was used in courts, schools, and other official contexts.  

What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalago (1848)?

300
In his study on linguistic profiling, Baugh found that non-standard speakers had their calls returned significantly less often than *SAE speakers, even in communities where __________.
Minorities were more prevalent than Anglos.
400
Name at least three factors that can contribute to language variation.
What are:


Geographic Region, Age, Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Gender, Sexuality, Context, etc.

400
Double negation is forbidden by *SAE, which claims the construction is illogical and confusing.  Name at least one counter argument in favor of double negation.
What are:

1) Many dialects of English use double negation without confusion.

2) Many other languages use double negation as the standard without confusion (and it sin't illogical to them)

400
According to Standard Language Ideology, these people have access to learning *SAE.
Who is everyone?
400
There is a lot of variation amongst Spanish speakers in the U.S.  Name at least one factor that contributes to this variation.
What are: different dialects, change over time, interacting with English, etc.
400
The purpose of this government document is to protect the rights of individuals even in the face of overwhelming public opinion. 
What is The Bill of Rights?
500
This famous linguist studied the phenomenon of       "r-lessness" in New York and other U.S. cities.
Who is Labov?
500
People who criticize other people's language do no have a problem with the actual language.  They have a problem with ___________.
What are the people using the language?
500
If everyone spoke *SAE then the standard language ideology would be __________.
What is dead (gone, useless, etc.)?
500
This Spanish dialect is considered most desirable in the southwestern United States.
What is Mexican Spanish?
500
It is difficult to prove a case of linguistic profiling.  Name at least one common defense given by people accused of linguistic profiling.
What are: they didn't sound smart, responsible, organized, they didn't have the right qualifications, I never got the message, etc.