Chapter 1
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein?
10-35%
What are the basic diet planning principals?
adequacy, balance, energy control, nutrient density, moderation, variety
Where does digestion begin?
Digestion begins in the mouth
_______ is composed of fructose and glucose in a ratio of roughly 50:50.
High fructose corn syrup
The optimal diet delivers how many grams of protein per kilogram of a healthy bodyweight per day?
0.8g of protein
What makes certain processed foods "ultra processed"?
When they are made up of substances that are typically used in food preparation, but consumed as foods themselves. I.e. oils, fats, sugars
The first ingredient on a nutrition label tells the consumer what about that ingredient?
The first ingredient on an ingredient list is most abundant in weight. Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight.
The ______, or blood circulatory, system is a closed system of vessels through which blood flows continuously, with the heart serving as the pump
Vascular
What are 2 of the 3 milk products that Lactose Intolerant patients need to supplement in their diet?
potassium, vitamin D, or calcium
Large doses of amino acids can cause ______
diarrhea
What are the factors in play that influence the choices people make about food?
Preferences, Habit, Ethnic and regional cuisine.
_________ can be used to correct or prevent widespread nutrient deficiency
Fortification
_____ are proteins found in digestive juices that act on food substances, causing them to breakdown into smaller compounds.
digestive enzymes
What does the brain use as its primary source of energy?
Glucose
What are the proper names of "good" cholesterol and "bad cholesterol"?
HDL for Good and LDL for Bad cholesterol
What is nutritional genomics?
Nutritional Genomics is the science of both how nutrients impact genes and how genes impact humans (Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, respectively)
Nutrient claims may be used on labels so long as they meet FDA ______
Definitions.
For example, in addition to having less than 2 milligrams of cholesterol, a “cholesterol-free” product may not contain more than 2 grams of saturated fat and trans fat combined per serving.
The left side of the heart pumps the blood out of the ____ through ___ to all systems of the body.
Aorta; arteries
What are the three monosaccharides ?
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
What causes a rancid taste and smell in fats?
Oxidation of fats
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, Lipids (Fats), Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water.
_______describe a relationship between a food (or nutrient) and a disease or health-related condition .
Health Claims
_______ is a hormone released to keep the stomach pH between ___ and ___.
Gastrin; 1.5 and 1.7
GRAS stands for _____ ______ ______ _____
Generally Recognized as Safe; examples could be Stevia leaves and monk fruit, that can be used as additives in a variety of foods and beverages via the FDA.
Why is gelatin not a source of high quality protein?
Gelatin lacks tryptophan and cannot support growth and health as a diet’s sole protein.