Regents
What was the Industrial Revolution? Where did it begin?
The Industrial Revolution was the rise of manufactured productions like factories and labor workers. It began in England and spread throughout Europe. Became globalized through Imperialism.
What were the goals for imperialism?
Power and Profit
Who was Ataturk and what did he do for his nation?
Ataturk was the leader of Turkey who implemented a series of westernizing reforms.
What was the Iron Curtain? How is it different from the Berlin Wall?
The Iron Curtain was a theoretical divide between Communist Eastern Europe and Capitalist Western Europe. It is different from the Berlin Wall because this was only a theoretical barrier while the Berlin Wall was a real physical wall.
What is Satyagraha?
The policy of civil disobedience and nonviolence generated in India by Ghandi
What was the major goal of the Enlightenment period?
The enlightenment period was to focus on creating a government focused on natural rights and tear down absolute monarchy.
Which continents were affected by European trading routes?
Africa and Asia
What were the two global conflicts during the 20th century? who were involved?
WWI - Triple Entente vs Central Powers
WWII - Allies vs Axis Powers
Who were the three groups created during the Cold War and what were their ideologies?
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - Capitalism
Warsaw Pact - Communism
Non-Aligned Movement - Staying out of the Cold War
What is Pan-Africanism? Who were the supporters of this ideology?
A nationalist policy in Africa that sought African self-determination and a united Africa. It was supported by Nkruma, Kenyatta, Marcus Garvey, and WEB DuBois.
Who is Simon Bolivar? What was his greatest accomplishment?
He was a revolutionary leader who fought for Independence of South America.
Who colonized India and what were the effects of their rule?
What was the Holocaust and what were its effects?
The Holocaust was the anti-semitic persecution and mass murder of Jewish people in Europe during World War II. This resulted in the creation of the state of Israel after the war.
What were Proxy Wars and what major Proxy Wars have we learned about?
Proxy Wars were regional conflicts during the Cold War in which nations battled over communist or capitalist ideologies. The United States intervened in Vietnam and Korea while the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.
What changed in the British Mandate of Palestine after World War II?
Because of the Holocaust and zionism, Jewish Europeans were invited to create the state of Israel in the Mandate because of their religious connection to the Holy Land. The Palestinians and Israelis divided the land but both were unhappy with their share.
What are the political and economic ideologies that stemmed from the Industrial Revolution? Define them.
Communism - the ideology that supported equality amongst workers
Capitalism - the ideology that supported private ownership for business owners
What was the Berlin Conference? Who was involved? What were the effects on the Native populations?
The Berlin conference consisted of European colonization and trade in Africa (scramble for Africa by the European powers). Native Africans were forced into labor and lost their beliefs of self-determination.
What organizations were created as a result of the World Wars? Which one did not succeed? Why?
WWI - League of Nations
WWII - United Nations
The League of Nations failed because it lacked the ability to intervene to create peace and because the United States was not involved.
The Cultural Revolution was Mao's policy of converting the Chinese population to communism.
What was the Partition of India and what problems did it create?
The Partition of India was the creation of the states of India and Pakistan after the British left India after World War II. Pakistan was made for Muslims while India was made for Hindus. This helped create conflict along religious and nationalistic lines.
What is Urbanization? How did it come about and what was its effects?
Urbanization was the growing population of small areas that became cities due to the industrial revolution. It caused the rise of major factories, labor, heavy pollution, sickness and deaths.
What were the effects of the Opium Wars on China?
The Opium Wars allowed Europeans, specifically Britain, to establish a sphere of influence over China so that they could dominate China economically. This eventually led to the failed Boxer Rebellion where the Chinese tried to overthrow European rule for their own self determination.
What is Totalitarianism? Which 20th century leaders could be considered Totalitarians?
Totalitarianism is a government where one dictator holds all of the power, similar to an absolute monarchy. Leaders: Stalin, Hitler, Mao, Mussolini, Trujillo, Castro, Nkruma, etc
1. Perestroika - Adding capitalist elements to the Russian economy hurt the economy
2. Glasnost - Creating more democratic reforms pushed many Soviet Republics to seek self determination
3. Invasion of Afghanistan - The war crippled the military and economy of Russia
What is NAFTA?
The North American Free Trade Agreement. It eliminates all barriers to trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.