Week 1 Content
What are the two public health philosophies?
"A way of doing justice, a way of asserting the value and priority of human life" OR "the fundamental freedom to all individuals to be left alone"
What causes infectious diseases?
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, & fungi
What measure is used to define obesity?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
What are the types of study design? Provide ALL of them.
Randomized control trials, cohort, case-control
What are 3 examples of social determinants of health?
Socioeconomic status, food access, access to healthcare, education (In Sickness and in Wealth video, lecture 2)
What is the primary objective of public health?
PREVENTION
What accounts for 70-80% of healthcare expenditures?
Chronic diseases
What percentage of the U.S. population was obese in 2017-2018?
42% of the population
What is incidence?
The rate of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time.
What city is Imani's undergrad university located in?
Greeley, Colorado
What is the class attendance policy?
2 unexcused absences, attendance via Zoom counts if approved by Imani or Professor Ngo. If you have > 2 unexcused absences you can film a 2-3 minute video on readings and missed lecture.
How did public health break the chain of infection in the U.S.? Provide at least 3 ways.
Purification of water
Proper disposal of sewage
Milk Pasteurization
Immunizations
Improved Nutrition
Personal Hygiene
Discovery of antibiotics
What are challenges to prevention in regards to diet and physical activity? Give 3 examples.
Nature v. Nurture, diets, agreement on food recommendations, access to healthy foods, powerful food industry
What is a case control study?
Compare people with disease to people without disease
How do you calculate the case fatality rate (what is the equation)?
number of individuals dying during a specified period of time after disease onset or diagnosis/number of individuals with the specific disease X 100%
What is the difference between public health & medical care?
Public Health: Population
Medical Care: Individual
What regulation was passed regarding insulin?
The House passed a bill to limit cost of Insulin to $35 a month.
What are 2 goals for comprehensive tobacco control programs
Preventing initiation among youth and young adults, promoting quitting among adults and youth, eliminating exposure to secondhand smoke, identifying and eliminating tobacco-related disparities among population groups
Why are epidemiological studies of chronic disease more complex compared to infectious diseases? Provide 2 reasons
They do not have a single cause, they are disabling rather than rapidly fatal, they develop over a long period of time
Why are there so many one way roads in Eugene?
The person who invented them is from Eugene.
When is government policing power invoked? Provide 2 reasons.
To prevent a person from harming others, to defend the interests of "incompetent" persons (children, people with disabilities), to protect a person from harming themself
What are the components of the Ecological Model?
Individual - Interpersonal - Organizational - Community - Public Policy
Based on the video we watched in class, why was the regulations around soda/soft drinks ineffective? Provide 2 reasons
You could order two drinks
Many drinks fit within the allowed size
They were unable to regulate certain locations so if it was regulated at one place you could "get your subway sandwich then go to the corner store for a huge soda"
In a study examining breakthrough cases of “long COVID-19” (i.e., positive COVID-19 cases after
individuals were vaccinated in which symptoms remain for at least 28 days), 28,356 participants
received the first dose of the vaccine by September 5, 2020, and by February 3, 2021, 23,753
participants were fully vaccinated followed over time to see if they would develop COVID-19
and to monitor the duration of their symptoms. In the study, 6,729 reported they had long
COVID symptoms at least once during follow-up despite being fully vaccinated. Among those
who were partially vaccinated, 3,525 developed long COVID-19 symptoms.
Calculate the measure of association; what is your equation
(6729/(6729+17024)/(3525/(3525+1078)=0.28/0.77=0.36
Country X has a population of 20,000 people. 40 people have recently been diagnosed with diabetes and 150 people currently live with diabetes. What is the prevalence of diabetes in Country X?
[(40+150)/20,000] * 100 = 95% (must include percent sign)