Exploration of Sound
What is proprioception?
The awareness of your body and its movements.
How many pairs of ribs are in the body?
12
What are the primary muscles of inspiration?
external intercostals and diaphragm
What are the three primary functions of the larynx?
Protective valve, building pressure for lifting etc, phonation
What is the muscle responsible for low tones?
What is the concept of balancing light and dark? What are its origins?
Chiaroscuro from Italian Renaissance Art
What is the axial skeleton?
The thorax and spinal column
Internal intercostals, and abdominal muscles (including transverse abdominis, recuts abdominis, internal oblique and external oblique)
Which edge of the vocal folds leads the process of opening and closing during phonation
bottom edge
What is the muscle responsible for mode two (head voice)?
cricothyroid
How many registers are in the human voice?
Two
How many vertebrae are in the spine?
34
What are the four types of breathing?
clavicular, thoracic, abdominal, appoggio
Define abduction and adduction.
Abduction is the opening of the glottis, adduction is the closing of the glottis.
What are the primary muscles responsible for adduction?
Lateral cricoarytenoid and inter-arytenoid
What anatomical choice is the foundation of forming a more rounded and fully realized tone? What is the best vowel for encouraging this action?
Lowering the larynx. The [o] vowel.
What are the common names of the first two vertebrae?
Atlas and Axis
List the primary abdominal muscles from deep to superficial.
transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique
List the five layers of the vocal folds from superficial to deep.
Epithelium, lamina propria [superficial, intermediate, deep], thyroarytenoid muscle
What is/are the primary muscle(s) responsible for abduction?
posterior cricoarytenoid
What are three exercises commonly assigned to beginning singers in the 18th century that are still used today?
sostenuto, portamento, and legato
Name the 5 types of vertebrae and how many bones make up each section.
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 5
What is the tendinous sheath found in the abdomen that serves as the primary attachment point for many of the respiratory muscles?
abdominal aponeurosis
What are the 5 primary cartilages of the larynx and name the shapes they resemble?
Thyroid cartilage (shield), cricoid cartilage (signet ring), arytenoid cartilages [2] (elf hats), epiglottis (leaf)
List the five intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
Thyroarytenoid, cricothyroid, lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, inter-arytenoid