Week 1-2
When the writ of the state or its institutions (rules of the game) are not challenged
Household Dominance of men
Staatnation
Fundamental problem of authoritarianism
power-sharing with traditional
elites, prominent party members, or military generals
& pushback from the masses or the political problem of balancing
against the majority excluded from political power (Svolik)
True or False: religion is an ethnic identity
False: But, there are cases where the distinction between ethnicity and religion is blurred, especially when groups are pitted against each other. For example, India
representation that is sufficiently alike to a group. (e.g. more women in legislatures, or higher offices)
Descriptive representation
a compulsory political organization which controls a territorial area in which “the administrative staff successfully upholds the claim to the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force in the enforcement of its order"
State
Citizenship is acquired through descent
– systematically excludes immigrants and their children, though the latter may be born and bred in their parents’ new home
– it includes descendants of expatriates who may never have set foot in their forebears’ homeland
Jus Sanguinis
This measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income - where 0 reflects perfect equality
Gini coefficient
True of False: the democracy gap is larger among some religions
False
having personal trust and a strong relationship with someone, and can involve moral obligations and exchanging favors
Guanxi
the supreme political authority in a defined territory
Sovereignty
a web of institutions which exercises coercive and extractive authority in a territory
The modern state
Membership is determined by attributes associated with descent
What is this referred to as :
Religious institutions should not have constitutionally privileged prerogatives that allow them to mandate public policy to democratically elected governments; but individuals and religious communities...must have complete freedom to worship privately (Stepan)
The Twin Tolerations
Formal anti-corruption institution in China
Central Committee for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) est. 1949
Revenue maximization leads to direct conflict with feudal lords; to increase central extraction need a bigger army; expansion or extinction; rulers have to transform the periphery to maintain sovereignty; financed through internal taxation (Prussia and France)
War-led state formation
Membership in the state as driven by the need to protect personal liberty and property
vs.
Citizenship must involve rights and practices of political participation to achieve a common good
Liberal citizenship
vs.
Republican citizenship
True or False: Democracies will appear more unstable
True - because political disagreement is a feature of democracy
_____ poses a particular challenge because it can organize people effectively across locales
Religion
Representative stands for particular interests, i.e., stands for ’oil/labor/ethnic’ interests
Substantive representation
Why did state formation in Latin American tend to be weaker than most European States?
States were not formed by coercion but by trade (many possible answers) - consequently, states developed the ability to consolidate their territories but failed to develop their monopoly over violence
Svolik's 2 criteria for dictatorships
An independent country that fails to satisfy at least one of the following:
- free and competitive legislative elections
- executive that is elected either directly in free and competitive presidential elections or indirectly by a legislature in parliamentary systems
_____ influences the creation of vigilante organizations or autodefensa or self-defense organizations in Mexico, which increase violence (homicide rates)
Economic inequality
religion should not be present in any
part of the public sphere (what kind of model and example)
ecularist-laicist model: France
True or False: the will of the people is considered the ultimate source of legitimacy