Biology
A (nitrogenous) base, a sugar, and a phosphate make a what?
What is a nucleotide?
This process synthesizes DNA using RNA as a template.
What is reverse transcription?
Similarity in gene expression is calculated and determined based on a type of this.
What is a distance metric?
The concept that sampling all the conformations of protein and realizing that there are more conformations than the age of universe.
What is Levinthal's Response?
A color-scale graphical representation used to represent the levels of many different transcripts across many different treatments or conditions.
What is a heatmap?
This type of RNA carries an amino acid. (Use full name)
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Production of clusters with Illumina sequencing uses this process.
What is bridge amplification?
In performing clustering, the main goal is to maximize this between genes that are grouped within a single cluster.
What is similarity?
In template based modeling, what blast do you do? and what database do you use?
What is BLASTP and PDB?
The structure of DNA was credited to be discovered by these two men
Who are James Watson & Francis Crick Side note: this discovery would have been impossible without contributions from Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
Who is credited with the discovery that the amount of G's was roughly equal to the amount of C's (and A's with T's) in several samples of DNA?
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
This aspect of DNA synthesis is utilized in both Illumina and Sanger sequencing and is essential to DNA's primary structure.
What is "formation of a phosphodiester linkage"?
True or false: A person with a genetic mutation is considered to have a genetic disease
What is False?
True or False: The native state provides the lowest energy conformation of the protein.
What is False?
Why is the word homologous used to describe chromosome pairs, rather than the word identical?
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that appear similar, in terms of length and other characteristics but they are not identical to each other.
The sugars and the phosphates are considered what in the DNA?
What is the "backbone of a DNA molecule"?
This type of transcriptional processing is taken advantage of when synthesizing cDNA from RNA.
What is addition of a polyA tail?
What is the main difference between UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining?
What is the compatibility with distance matrix?
What are the two types of models? Explain the difference in chat.
What is a machine learning model and protein model?
What technology uses the same technique as when mRNA is transcribed from DNA and slips into the cytoplasm?
What is Nanopore
Is hydrogen bond, which binds the double strands DNA together, considered a weak or strong bond?
What is a weak bond?
In a Sanger sequencing-based PCR reaction, order the amount of primers, dNTPs, and fluorescent terminators needed from least to most?
What is primers, fluorescent terminators, and dNTPs?
Given two sequences with aligning score value of match = 2, mismatch = -1, gap = -1, which alignment score is larger: their local similarity or their global similarity?
What is local similarity?
Because match is greater than mismatch and gap.
How is/was AlphaFold2 validated? Explain the concept in chat
What is CASP?
This percentage of the DNA sequence is estimated to be unique in individuals
What is 0.1% (one-tenth of a percent)