Cell Biology
Cell Reproduction
Ecology
Photosynthesis & Cell Transport
Organismal Interactions
100
The movement of oxygen across the cell membrane is an example of which type of transport?
Diffusion
100
Which type of cellular division produces two cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the original cell?
mitosis
100
What type of consumer would the rodents be?
Primary Consumer
100
Which evidence BEST supports the argument that enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions?
1) Reactants fit into active sites of enzymes to quickly react and make products.
2) Enzymes are made of sugar which gives them energy to make reactions occur more quickly.
3) Enzymes are large proteins that are reaction sites for any molecules.
1) Reactants fit into active sites of enzymes to quickly react and make products.
100
What is biodiversity?
the variety of living organisms within the biosphere or ecosystem
200
Which explanation accurately describes one way in which pairs of organelles interact to maintain homeostasis within cells?
1) Mitochondria store energy, and chloroplasts release energy for the cell.
2) Lysosomes contain enzymes that can digest the contents of vacuoles.
2) Lysosomes contain enzymes that can digest the contents of vacuoles.
200
The various steps of binary fission in prokaryotes are shown in the image.
Which statement BEST explains how binary fission maintains genetic continuity?
1) Two cells form, each genetically identical to the other and to the parent.
2)Two cells form, each having twice the genetic content of the parent.
3) Two cells form, each having twice the genetic content of the parent.
Two cells form, each genetically identical to the other and to the parent.
200
What is a limiting factor that is MOST LIKELY going to negatively affect the population growth of humans?
1) an increase in migratory behavior
2) a decrease in the size of the habitat
3) a decrease in the availability of natural resources
3) a decrease in the availability of natural resources
200
Stacy wants to measure the rate of photosynthesis for her plant. Before she can begin, she needs to determine what key variable she should measure.
Which of the following questions should Stacy ask in order to determine the rate of photosynthesis in her plant?
1) How much water does the plant receive?
2) How much carbon dioxide is produced?
3) How much oxygen is produced?
How much oxygen is produced?
200
If a cell is placed in a hypertonic sodium chloride (salt) solution, which TWO actions will be the MOST LIKELY result from the cell attempting to maintain homeostasis?
Water will move by osmosis out of the cell.
The cell will shrink (crenation) as water moves between the environments to reach equilibrium.
300
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
What BEST explains how the vacuole functions within the plant cell to maintain homeostasis?
1) The vacuole is able to absorb and/or release water through turgor pressure and works with the cell wall to influence the integrity of the cell.
2) The vacuole is able to break down sunlight that enters the cell through turgor pressure and works with the cell wall to influence the integrity of the cell.
1) The vacuole is able to absorb and/or release water through turgor pressure and works with the cell wall to influence the integrity of the cell.
300
One of the requirements of maintaining homeostasis in a cell is the regulation of materials that are allowed into and out of the cell.
Which cell structure has a purpose MOST similar to the door of a building?
cell membrane
300
The Mount St. Helens volcano erupted in Washington State in 1980 and destroyed 230 square miles of land. Many areas were covered with gray ash and showed no signs of life. Scientists established research plots to keep track of the return of life. This data table shows the percentage of plant coverage that occurred on the research plots over time.
Number of Years Percentage of Plant Coverage 3 1
14 38
20 66
Based on the data, which argument can be made about the impact of a volcanic eruption?
The volcanic eruption initiated ecological succession for life to return to the ash-covered land.
300
A biology teacher placed a chicken egg in vinegar to dissolve the shell, exposing the cell membrane. The teacher then placed the egg in a solution of sodium chloride (salt) in water in order to demonstrate cellular transport. The teacher recorded the mass of the egg before and after placing it in salt water.
What is the change in mass demonstrating?
osmosis
300
The production of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, is a contributing cause of global warming and climate change. Some local governments have expanded their public transportation systems (i.e. buses), providing low cost transportation on low emission or zero emission vehicles.
How will this solution help to decrease greenhouse gas production?
More people will be using public transportation, and fewer will be driving cars.
400
The process of Cellular respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
What could happen in a cell if a genetic mutation caused an interruption in the Krebs cycle?
The electron transport chain would not have the materials it needs to produce energy.
400
Three different species of fish live in a stream that runs through a forest. One type of fish is rather large while the other two types are smaller. Both brown bears and eagles feed on these fish, as shown in the food web.
A dam is built, and the nearby area is flooded, turning the stream into a small lake. As a result, one species of small fish dominates the lake, and very few fish of the other two species remain.
Which argument BEST describes how the dam will affect the ecosystem?
1) There will be fewer brown bears and eagles in this ecosystem because the dam has reduced the diversity of fish and the number of large fish, an important food source which supports both animals.
2) There will be fewer brown bears in this ecosystem because the dam has reduced the diversity of fish and the number of large fish, an important food source, but the number of eagles will be the same because they have an alternate food source available.
3) There will be fewer eagles in this ecosystem because the dam has reduced the diversity of fish and the number of large fish, an important food source, but the number of brown bears will be the same because they have an alternate food source available
1) There will be fewer brown bears and eagles in this ecosystem because the dam has reduced the diversity of fish and the number of large fish, an important food source which supports both animals.
400
James’ teacher mentioned that vesicles work with the cell membrane to transport enzymes and maintain homeostasis.
Which statement correctly explains how the vesicle works with the cell membrane?
1) Vesicles receive enzymes from the chloroplast where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.
2) Vesicles receive enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.
3) Vesicles receive enzymes from the cytoplasm where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.
2) Vesicles receive enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.
400
Which argument provides evidence that BEST explains the interaction between an enzymatic protein and its substrate as a chemical reaction takes place?
1) The enzyme has a specific structure so that only one substrate can bind to it. As the enzyme and substrate come together, the shape of the enzyme changes slightly so that it fits more snugly to the substrate.
2) The enzyme has a specific structure so that only one substrate can bind to it. As the enzyme and substrate come together, the shape of each perfectly complements the other.
3) The enzyme has a specific chemical composition so that only one substrate can bind to it. The chemicals in the enzyme and substrate cause them to be attracted to each other.
2) The enzyme has a specific structure so that only one substrate can bind to it. As the enzyme and substrate come together, the shape of the enzyme changes slightly so that it fits more snugly to the substrate.
500
Eukaryotes are organisms that have evolved membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and, in the case of plants, chloroplasts. Eukaryotes may be multicellular organisms consisting of many cell types which form different tissue structures. Cell membranes and cell walls are composed of a variety of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, each which provides structure and function to the eukaryotic cell.
Which macromolecule is a primary component of cell walls, and which argument provides evidence for how the structure of this molecule relates to its purpose within the cell wall?
Carbohydrates like cellulose and chitin are the primary component of cell walls; they protect the cell and help maintain its shape because they form rigid carbon chains.
500
Many mistakes can happen during meiosis. One common mistake occurs during Anaphase I or II when sister chromatids fail to separate.
How would an offspring's cells MOST LIKELY be affected if the sister chromatids do not separate?
The offspring's cells could be missing a chromosome or contain an extra chromosome which may lead to genetic disease, and genetic continuity would be disrupted.
500
Food webs, like the model shown, illustrate ideal relationships between producers and consumers in an ecosystem. Realistically, disturbances alter the cycling of matter and the flow of energy in ecosystems.
Which THREE statements BEST predict the consequences of disturbances to this ecosystem?
1) If a drought decreases the number of plantain plants, the grasshoppers will eat more berries, limiting the food supply for greenflies and butterflies.
2) If a virus decreases the mouse population, there will be more plantain plants for the grasshoppers and rabbits to eat which in turn will provide more matter and energy for the frogs and buzzards.
3) If an invasive species is introduced to the ecosystem and it is a predator of the butterflies, the populations of frogs and snakes will decrease due to the matter and energy being diverted to the new species.
4) If a fungus infects the berries, the rabbit and mouse populations will decrease as they will have to find another producer to eat which in turn will reduce the number butterflies and dragonflies.
5) If a parasite decreases the buzzard population, the fox population will also decrease because they share several food sources.
If a drought decreases the number of plantain plants, the grasshoppers will eat more berries, limiting the food supply for greenflies and butterflies.
If a virus decreases the mouse population, there will be more plantain plants for the grasshoppers and rabbits to eat which in turn will provide more matter and energy for the frogs and buzzards.
If an invasive species is introduced to the ecosystem and it is a predator of the butterflies, the populations of frogs and snakes will decrease due to the matter and energy being diverted to the new species.
500
Kelly’s teacher asked the class to explain how the rough endoplasmic reticulum works with the nucleus to maintain homeostasis.
Which student’s statement is BEST evaluated by the claim and why?
1) Kelly explained that pathogens can enter the nucleus through the nuclear membrane and that the rough endoplasmic reticulum sends messages in the form of enzymes to the nucleus to destroy them.
2) Jacob explained that when problems arise in protein synthesis the rough endoplasmic reticulum can signal the nucleus to regulate the production of proteins.
3) Sarah explained that the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane that can be damaged by lysosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum moves along the membrane to repair it.
2) Jacob explained that when problems arise in protein synthesis the rough endoplasmic reticulum can signal the nucleus to regulate the production of proteins.