Cotton Production & Slavery
What is the cotton gin?
made cotton farming more profitable and increased the demand for enslaved labor.
What is the abolitionist movement?
movement sought to end the practice of slavery and grant freedom to African Americans.
What is industrialization?
The North’s economy was driven by this, including factories, industry, and commerce, which was in contrast to the South’s reliance on agriculture.
What is the Indian Removal Act?
Andrew Jackson forcibly relocated thousands of Native Americans from their ancestral lands
What is the Oregon Treaty?
agreement between the United States and Britain established the boundary between the U.S. and Canada
What is the South?
This U.S. region became heavily dependent on cotton farming and enslaved labor by the early 1800s.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
This religious revival movement in the early 19th century inspired various social reform efforts, including abolition and temperance.
What is the railroad?
form of transportation, which expanded rapidly in the North during the 19th century, allowed goods and people to travel faster and more efficiently.
What is the Democratic Party?
Andrew Jackson's presidency marked the rise of this political party, which was opposed to the elite, centralized government
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
issued by President James Monroe, declared that European powers should not interfere in the Western Hemisphere, asserting U.S. influence in the Americas
What is cotton?
The process of growing and harvesting this crop was largely reliant on the forced labor of African Americans in the 19th century.
What is public education?
sought to create this system, making schooling available to all children.
What is capitalism?
supported by a growing system of banks and credit, helping to fund industrial expansion.
What is the Bank of the United States?
Jackson’s veto of this national project, which sought to renew a charter for the Second Bank of the U.S., was a major political battle during his presidency
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
The acquisition of this territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States and paved the way for westward expansion
What is 50%?
This percentage of U.S. exports in the 19th century was made up of cotton.
What is the mental health reform movement?
focused on improving conditions for the mentally ill, with key figures like Dorothea Dix advocating for better treatment and facilities.
What is the Civil War?
economic differences between the industrial North and the agrarian South, culminating in the Civil War.
What is the "spoils system"?
practice of awarding government jobs to political supporters, often seen as patronage, was a hallmark of Jackson's administration
What is the War of 1812?
between the U.S. and Britain in 1812, helped boost American nationalism and led to the end of the Federalist Party
What is the plantation economy?
This economic system, characterized by the use of enslaved labor on large plantations, was crucial for cotton production in the South.
What is the temperance movement?
aimed to reduce or eliminate the consumption of alcohol
What is textile manufacturing?
he development of this industry in the North helped fuel the demand for raw materials like cotton, which were produced in the South.
What is the national debt?
ackson sought to reduce this national debt, making it one of the few times in U.S. history that the nation was debt-free
What is the Adams-Onís Treaty?
The U.S. acquired this territory from Spain in 1819 through a treaty, gaining Florida and defining its southern boundary.