The Sun and Stellar Evolution
hydrogen & helium
spiral
___ is the distance N or S of the equator
latitude
What unit of measurement do we use when measuring distances within the solar system?
AU
During the waxing crescent phase where is the Earth, moon and Sun?
Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, but not directly in line with them
protostar, main sequence, red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf
the age of the universe is closest to:
13 billion years
____ is the change in elevation between 2 adjacent contour lines
contour interval
Define a light year
It is equal to the distance light travels in one year
If you lived on the equator would you experience the same seasons you experience in Maine? Why or why not?
No, if you lived on the equator, you would not experience the same seasons as in Maine because the equator receives nearly the same amount of sunlight year-round, resulting in minimal seasonal variation, while Maine experiences distinct seasons due to its higher latitude and the Earth's tilt, causing significant changes in daylight hours and temperatures throughout the year.
what is the relationship between absolute brightness and temperature for a main sequence star?
the brighter the star, the hotter its temperature
Give a statement that reflects the current theory of the origin of the universe
An extremely dense ball of energy expanded
_____ is the distance E or W of the prime meridian
longitude
What is accuracy vs precision?
accuracy: how close an answer is to the correct answer
precision: how close your answers are to each other
What dates are the solstices & equinoxes?
summer solstice: 6/21
autumnal equinox: 9/22
winter solstice: 12/21
spring equinox: 3/22
what is the main factor that determines the brightness of a star?
temperature
Edwin Hubble's great discovery lead to:
the Big Band Theory
_____ are lines that represent elevation
contour lines
During which moon phase can a solar eclipse occur
new moon phase
when Gorham is experiencing the summer solstice the sun is directly above ____ at noon
the Tropic of Cancer
Since Gorham is located at about 43.7° N latitude, the Sun will not be directly overhead there on the summer solstice. Instead, it will be at a lower angle in the sky, but still higher than at any other time of the year.
corona - outer layer
chromosphere - middle layer of the atmosphere
photosphere - 1st layer of the atmosphere
convective zone - energy transfer happening through this zone
radiative zone - energy transferred through radiation
What are the dimensions of our galaxy?
10,000 light years (diameter of central bulge) by 100,000 light years (diameter)
define index contour
What is control vs constant?
control: the group in an experiment that is used for comparison
constant: all the factors (other than the independent variable) that must remain the same during an experiment
List two reasons why we have seasons in Gorham, Maine
1. The Earth's tilt
2. Earth's orbit around the sun