Chapter 1
What is child development?
Growth and change that occurs in human beings between conception and death.
What is multiculturalism?
Understanding things from a diverse perspective.
What is a cell?
the smallest living organism or unit of life.
What age is a full term infant usually born at?
38 weeks after the mothers menstrual periods.
What is bilingualism and what are the benefits?
Individuals who speak 2 languages or more. Its benefits are increased cognitive ability, creativity, theory of mind and understanding of printed words.
What is physical development?
Deals with changes in the body and brain
What are some stages of Ericksons social development?
trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs, guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity defusion.
What are genes?
Genes produce amino acid and form enzymes and other proteins necessary in the formation and functioning of new cells.
Give some examples of an infants survival reflexes .
breathing, rooting, sucking, swallowing and eye blinking.
What is zone of proximal development (ZPD) by Vygotsky?
The area between the child's developmental level and the level a child can achieve with the help of an adult.
What is cognitive development?
Changes in problem solving, memory, reasoning and thinking.
What is operant conditioning?
any act that produces a satisfying effect will be repeated.
Name one stage of pre natal development?
Germinal- fertilization to 2 weeks
embryonic-2 weeks to 8 weeks
fetal stage- week 9- birth
What is gross motor skills?
movement of the large muscle groups, and advances in gross motor skills associated with brain development and neuronal activities.
What is the idea of multiple selves?
A sense of self apart from other people. Acknowledges that my actions can affect those around me.
What is nature vs. Nurture?
Nature is heredity, genders, biological processes and maturation. Nurture is education, parenting, culture and social policies.
What is negative reinforcement?
involves strengthening a behavior or subtracting a behavior.
What is a teratogen?
Any disease or drug or environmental agent that can harm the developing embryo or fetus.
What are some examples of chronic illnesses?
Diabetes, asthma, cancer,
What is self esteem?
Self evaluative part of the self concept. The judgment children make of their own self worth.
Why is child wellbeing important?
Factors that support or undermine development influence well being in every aspect.
Name a stage that Piaget wrote about?
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
What are some examples of substances that can harm a fetus or embryo?
alcohol
diet pills
lithium
antidepressants
aspirin
tetracycline
Diet pills
high does of vitamin A
What are some environmental hazards that can occur in the environment?
Lead, second hand smoke,
What are the 4 different types of parenting?
Authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful and permissive.