Forms of Government
What is a monarchy?
A government ruled by a king or queen.
What does monotheism mean?
Belief in one God
Who wrote about natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
John Locke.
What machine revolutionized textile production?
The spinning jenny.
What was the Berlin Conference?
A meeting where European nations divided Africa.
What is an oligarchy?
A government ruled by a small group of powerful people.
What religion follows the teachings of Muhammad?
Islam.
What philosopher promoted separation of powers?
Montesquieu.
What was the impact of the steam engine?
It powered factories, ships, and trains, accelerating industrialization.
What was the purpose of the Suez Canal?
To connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas, shortening trade routes.
What type of democracy was practiced in Ancient Athens?
Direct democracy.
What set of laws is shared between Judaism and Christianity?
The Ten Commandments
What is the social contract theory?
The idea that government power comes from the consent of the governed.
What are interchangeable parts, and why were they important?
Identical machine-made parts that simplified assembly and repair.
What led to the Sepoy Mutiny?
Indian soldiers rebelled against British rule due to cultural and religious tensions.
What is the difference between a republic and a direct democracy?
In a republic, citizens elect representatives to make laws; in a direct democracy, citizens vote on laws directly.
How did Apostle Paul contribute to the spread of Christianity?
He traveled and wrote letters that spread Christian teachings.
What philosopher advocated for freedom of speech and religion?
Voltaire.
What were the working conditions like for factory workers?
Harsh, with long hours, low pay, and dangerous environments.
What was the “White Man’s Burden”?
The idea that Europeans had a duty to spread their culture to non-Western nations.
What is an absolute monarchy?
A government in which a king or queen has unlimited power.
What is the holy book of Islam?
The Qur’an.
How did Cesare Beccaria influence modern criminal justice systems?
He argued against torture and capital punishment and promoted fair trials.
How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to urbanization?
People moved to cities for factory jobs, causing rapid urban growth.
How did Social Darwinism justify imperialism?
It suggested that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones.