arrangement of electrons
The first energy level can hold a maximum of how many electrons? (formula is 2(n)2 )
2 electrons
What is Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
What is the Charge of an electron?
- 1
A neutral Atom has how many protons compared to electrons?
An equal number of protons and electrons
What happens to the kinetic energy of particles as a substance freezes?
It decreases
Name of Electrons found in the outermost energy level of an atom?
Valence Electrons
What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, meaning its components are evenly distributed. For example: salt water, filtered juice, milk, air, etc.
In contrast, a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition, with visible differences in its components. For example: salad, trail mix, oil and water etc
Which three subatomic particles make up an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What makes an atom become an ion?
by gaining or losing electrons
What are the three main phases of matter?
Solids, liquids, and gases
What is the number of valence electrons in an oxygen atom (atomic number 8)?
6 electrons are in the valence shell
Explain the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is made of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down (e.g., Oxygen, O₂).
A compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined (e.g., H₂O).
Where are the protons and neutrons located in an atom?
In the nucleus
What makes an Ion considered a Cation?
When it has less electrons then protons
If two objects are at different temperatures, heat will flow from:
From the warmer object to the cooler one – Always moves from hot to cold.
What's the difference between a ground-state atom and an excited-state atom?
Ground state = low energy, stable, and normal configuration
Excited state = high energy, and unstable
How can mixtures be separated? Name at least two methods.
Filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography, handpicking, threshing, winnowing, sieving, using a separating funnel, magnetic separation,
Which sub particle is located on the outer Orbitals of the atom?
Electrons
What is the name of the ion that has more electrons than protons?
An Anion
Name the type of heat transfer used in boiling a pot of hot water
Convection
A bright-line spectrum is produced when an electron does what?
When an electron in the excited state releases or emits energy as it returns to the ground state.
Identify each as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture:
Define what the atomic number is?
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, defining the element.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Neutrons = mass number – atomic number
What formula is used to calculate the amount of heat absorbed or released?
Q = m × c × ΔT – Heat = mass × specific heat × temperature change