1: Polarity & Orbitals
This is the strongest type of intermolecular force between two molecules of CH₃OH.
What is hydrogen bonding?
Resonance structure only differ in the placement of these & resonance arrows only represent these.
What are electrons?
A Lewis acid is defined as a species that can do this.
What is accept an electron pair?
The prefix “iso-” in names like isopentyl indicates that the carbon chain ends with this type of group.
What is a carbon chain with another carbon branching off right before the end?
These compounds share the same molecular formula but differ in connectivity.
What are constitutional isomers?
Among CH₄, C₄H₁₀, and C₈H₁₈, this molecule exhibits the greatest London dispersion forces.
What is C₈H₁₈ (octane)?
These are the curved arrows drawn for an acid-base reaction.
What are an arrow from the base's lone pair to the hydrogen and the old bond between the hydrogen and the acid to acid?
This species acts as the Bronsted–Lowry base in the reaction: NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻.
What is NH₃?
In the name bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, the numbers in the brackets describe this feature of the molecule.
What are the numbers of carbon atoms in each of the bridges connecting the two bridgehead carbons?
S-3-methylheptane & R-3-methylheptane are examples of this type of stereoisomer.
What are enantiomers?
Arrange these compounds by increasing boiling point: CH₄, CH₃CH₂CH₃, CH₃OH.
What is CH₄ < CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₃OH?
Of the following, which has more significant resonance stabilization: phenoxide ion or ethoxide ion?
What is phenoxide ion?
Between phenol and ethanol, this one is the stronger acid.
What is phenol?
This is what the Newman projection for 1-bromo-2-chloro-2,3-dimethyl butane looks like.
This many stereoisomers are possible for 2-bromo-3-chlorobutane.
What are four stereoisomers?
This is the weakest type of intermolecular force.
What is London dispersion forces?
Name all the functional groups present in methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen).
What are ester, alcohol, and aromatic ring?
Between acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and phenol (C₆H₅OH), this compound is the stronger acid in water.
What is acetic acid?
The Newman projection of butane with the highest energy is called this.
What is eclipsed conformation?
This term describes a compound that has chiral centers but is overall achiral due to an internal plane of symmetry.
What is a meso compound?
All carbon atoms in benzene share this type of hybridization.
What is sp² hybridization?
Of the resonance forms of nitrobenzene, the major contributor places the positive formal charge on this atom.
What is nitrogen?
Identify both the Bronsted–Lowry base and its conjugate acid in the reaction: HSO₄⁻ + H₂O ⇌ SO₄²⁻ + H₃O⁺.
What are: base = H₂O, conjugate acid = H₃O⁺.
The least stable conformation of trans-1,4-diethylcyclohexane places both ethyl groups in these positions.
What is axial–axial positions?
These type of stereoisomers have at least 2 chiral centers, but they are not mirror images of each other.
What are diastereomers?