Chapter 1
Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context
Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context
Which of the following best defines psychopathology according to the text?
a. The study of medications and their effects on behavior
b. The scientific study of mental disorders, including symptoms, causes, and treatments
c. The distribution of mental health disorders in populations
d. The interaction between biological and social factors in mental health
B. To regulate involuntary bodily processes like heart rate and digestion
Which model of psychopathology explains behavior in terms of multiple influences rather than a single cause?
A. One-dimensional model
B. Multidimensional model
C. Unitary model
D. Linear model
B. Multidimensional model
What is the primary purpose of a mental status exam?
A. To evaluate a client’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.
B. To identify cultural differences in behavior.
C.To diagnose personality disorders.
D. To assess the client’s childhood history.
A. To evaluate a client’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.
Which type of research is designed to identify causal relationship?
A. Correlational
B. Experimental
C. Case Study
D. Observational
B. Experimental
What is the key difference between fear and anxiety?
A. Fear is future-oriented while anxiety is present-oriented
B. Fear is related to immediate threats while anxiety is future-oriented
C. Fear requires treatment while anxiety is normal
D. Fear and anxiety affect different parts of the brain
B. Fear is related to immediate threats while anxiety is future-oriented
In the context of psychological disorders, what does "distress" specifically refer to?
a. Any emotional discomfort experienced by an individual
b. Physical symptoms associated with mental illness
c. A response that is significantly more intense than what others would experience in similar situations
d. The natural response to traumatic events
c. A response that is significantly more intense than what others would experience in similar situations
In the case study of Janelle's blood-injection-injury phobia, which combination of factors contributed to her condition?
A. Only behavioral and emotional factors
B. Only biological and social factors
C. Behavioral, biological, emotional, and social factors
D. Only genetic and physiological factors
C. Behavioral, biological, emotional, and social factors
Which of the following is a key component of reliability in psychological assessment?
A. The ability to predict future outcomes
B. The degree of consistency in measurements
C. The validity of test results
D. The standardization of procedures
B. The degree of consistency in measurements
In research methodology, what is the main limitation of correlational studies?
A. They require too many participants
B. They take too long to complete
C. They are too expensive to conduct
D. They cannot establish causation
D. They cannot establish causation
In treating Body Dysmorphic Disorder, why might plastic surgery typically not be recommended as a primary treatment approach?
A. It's too expensive for most patients
B. It often intensifies the disorder rather than resolving it
C. It requires too much recovery time
D. It's only effective for facial concerns
B. It often intensifies the disorder rather than resolving it
According to the text, which historical tradition marked a significant shift toward viewing mental illness as having physical roots?
a. The Supernatural Tradition
b. The Psychological Tradition
c. The Biological Tradition introduced by Hippocrates
d. The Humanistic Tradition
c. The Biological Tradition introduced by Hippocrates
According to the text, how do genetic and environmental factors interact in the development of psychological disorders?
A. Genetics completely override environmental influences
B. Environmental factors have no impact on genetic expression
C. The diathesis-stress model suggests stress activates genetic vulnerabilities
D. Genes and environment operate independently of each other
C. The diathesis-stress model suggests stress activates genetic vulnerabilities
During a mental status exam, which component focuses on the client's ability to process information and recall events?
A. Mood and affect
B. Thought processes
C. Sensorium
D. Appearance and behavior
C. Sensorium
What type of study design follows one group of participants over a long period of time?
A. Longitudinal
B. Cross-sectional
C. Meta-analysis
D. Experimental
A. Longitudinal
A 19-year-old college student has recently developed intense anxiety about multiple aspects of daily life, including academics, finances, and family relationships. The worry persists for several months and is accompanied by muscle tension, irritability, and sleep problems. Which diagnosis would be most appropriate to consider?
A. Panic Disorder
B. Social Anxiety Disorder
C. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D. Adjustment Disorder
C. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following best exemplifies the modern integrative approach to understanding psychological disorders?
a. Focusing exclusively on biological factors
b. Emphasizing only psychological influences
c. Considering supernatural and religious factors
d. Combining biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors
D. Combining biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors
What is the primary purpose of the autonomic nervous system?
A. To control voluntary muscle movement
B. To regulate involuntary bodily processes like heart rate and digestion
C. To produce neurotransmitters that influence memory
D. To stimulate long-term emotional memory
B. To regulate involuntary bodily processes like heart rate and digestion
In behavioral assessment, what does the 'C' in ABC observation stand for?
A. Clinical significance
B. Correlation
C. Consequences
D. Categorical approach
C. Consequences
Which research design compares different age groups at a single point in time?
A. Longitudinal design
B. Cross-sectional design
C. Case study design
D. Experimental design
B. Cross-sectional design
Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) differs from PTSD primarily in which way?
A. C-PTSD only affects children
B. C-PTSD requires medication while PTSD doesn't
C. C-PTSD results from prolonged, repeated trauma rather than a single event
D. C-PTSD only affects memory while PTSD affects emotions
C. C-PTSD results from prolonged, repeated trauma rather than a single event
___________________describes behavior that deviates from societal norms, causes distress, or impairs daily functioning.
ABNORMAL
Why is an integrative approach beneficial in understanding psychological disorders?
Extra 100 points for answering this question completely
An integrative approach is beneficial because it considers multiple perspectives, including biological, psychological, and social factors, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding and treatment of psychological disorders. This approach acknowledges the complexity of human behavior and mental health.
Which of the following is a limitation of projective testing methods?
A. Excessive standardization
B. Too much structure
C. Subjective interpretation
D. Overly simplified scoring
C. Subjective interpretation
Which of the following strategies increases internal validity in a study?
A. Using random assignment
B. Testing participants in their natural environment
C. Replicating the study multiple times
D. Providing incentives for participation
A. Using random assignment
What is the diagnosis? Why?
Ryan is a 13-year-old boy who has been experiencing significant emotional and behavioral changes following his parents’ recent divorce. Over the past two months, he has become increasingly withdrawn, no longer engaging in activities he once enjoyed, such as soccer and spending time with friends. Ryan frequently appears irritable at home, has difficulty concentrating in class, and his grades have started to decline. He reports feeling overwhelmed, often expressing sadness and frustration about his family’s situation. Although his symptoms are distressing, they do not meet the criteria for a mood or anxiety disorder. His struggles are closely tied to the recent stressor, and his functioning was typical before the divorce.
Extra 100 points if you can also tell me the best course of treatment.
Adjustment Disorder Specifier: with depressed mood