Enlightenmentment
+100 POINTS
Which Enlightenment thinker believed in natural rights—life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
What were the three social classes of pre-revolutionary France called?
BONUS (+100): What was the peasant class?
The Three Estates
BONUS: Third Estate
What title did Napoleon take for himself in 1804?
Emporer of France
-200 IF YOU GET IT WRONG
What philosophical ideals inspired this period?
Enlightenment
-400 IF YOU GET WRONG
What is nationalism?
Pride in one’s nation or culture and desire for self-rule.
-100 IF WRONG
Montesquieu’s idea of separating government into three branches was meant to prevent what?
Abuse of power / tyranny
What event is seen as the official start of the French Revolution in 1789?
Storming of the Bastille
TAKE 200 OFF ANOTHER TEAM.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
A set of laws that promoted equality before the law and merit-based advancement.
Which leader is known as “The Liberator” of South America?
Simón Bolívar
What was the main goal of nationalists in Italy and Germany during the 1800s?
To unite their people into one independent nation-state
What did Voltaire argue for that later influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights?
Freedom of Speech and Religion
EXTRA 100 POINTS
The document which declared “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” is called the "Declaration of the _____________"?
Declaration of the Rights of Man
DAILY DOUBLE
What was one political effect of Napoleon’s conquests on the rest of Europe?
Spread of nationalism and end of old monarchies
What social group led most independence movements in Latin America?
Creoles
Who led the unification of Germany and used “Blood and Iron”?
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Rousseau believed in a “social contract.” What did this mean?
Government and people have mutual obligations; people give consent to be governed.
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Why were the members of the Third Estate angry before the Revolution?
They paid the most taxes and had no representation in the government
What was Napoleon’s major mistake that led to his downfall?
Invasion of Russia in 1812 (harsh winter and scorched-earth policy)
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Why was the Haitian Revolution so special compared to other revolutions?
The first and largest slave revolt in history, and the first country ever founded by former slaves
Who were the three operators of Italian Unification (nicknames)?
The Brains, Heart, and Sword
Explain how Enlightenment ideas challenged the old regime in Europe.
They questioned absolute monarchy and promoted reason, equality, and democracy.
How did the Reign of Terror attempt to protect the revolution but also contradict its ideals?
It used violence to enforce equality and liberty, leading to thousands of executions.
How did the Congress of Vienna respond to Napoleon’s defeat?
It restored monarchs and tried to balance power to prevent future revolutions.
Explain one way Bismarck’s policy of “Realpolitik” helped unify Germany.
He used practical alliances and wars (like with Austria and France) to strengthen Prussia and unify Germany.
What was the event that led to the restoration of monarchies and the redrawing of borders after Napoleon's defeat?
The Conference of Vienna