Pancreatitis
Modifiable factors that can cause pancreatitis (name at least 3).
What is smoking, alcohol consumption, fatty diet, hyperlipidemia, poorly controlled diabetes, history of gallstones?
Small, red or purple spots on the skin indicating micro-hemorrhage, a common sign of DIC.
What is petechiae?
Risk factors for dyshrythmias. (Name 3)
What is history of heart disease, prior heart surgery, HTN, MI, endocrine alterations, sleep apnea, alcohol use, and stimulant use?
EKG change that represents hyperkalemia.
What are peaked T waves?
Chest pain that occurs with activity and is resolved with rest and nitroglycerin.
What is stable angina
Form of pancreatitis that includes a treatment plan of NPO, IV hydration, and analgesics to control pain
What is acute pancreatitis?
The most specific lab test to detect the breakdown of fibrin clots, indicating active fibrinolysis.
What is D-dimer?
Causes of sinus tachycardia. (Name 3)
What is fluid volume loss/excess, pain, fever, MI, shock, hyperthyroidism, and stress?
EKG interval that measures the time it takes for electrical impulse to travel from atria to ventricles, and is used to determine heart block.
What is the PR interval?
The buildup of plaque on the walls of arteries, it is the most common cause of CAD.
What is atherosclerosis
Laboratory tests monitored for a patient with acute pancreatitis (name 3).
What are serum amylase, serum lipase, liver enzyme levels, triglycerides, glucose, bilirubin, and serum calcium levels?
Medication used cautiously in chronic DIC to stop the cycle of clotting.
What is heparin?
Life-threatening dysrhthmia that shows a chaotic, irregular waveform with no identifiable P wave or QRS complex. Requires immediate defibrillation.
The electrical activity that occurs during the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave.
What is...
P wave: SA node impulse, atria depolarization
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization
Medication that reduces preload and myocardial oxygen demand through venous dilation.
What is Nitroglycerin?
The difference between Cullen Sign and Grey-Turner Sign (both caused by acute pancreatitis).
What is Cullen Sign: Blue/purple discoloration around umbilicus (region around belly button), and Grey-Turner Sign: blue/purple discoloration over the flanks?
Criteria needed for a diagnosis of DIC.
What is decreased fibrinogen levels on two consecutive draws?
Medication that is the first-line treatment for stable supraventricular tachycardia. Works by briefly blocking the conduction through the AV node.
What is adenosine?
Digoxin is the appropriate medication for patients with this EKG finding.
What is atrial flutter/fibrillation?
Acronym that represents the pharmacologic management for ACS. (Must write in full, not just acronym).
What is MONA (Morphine, oxygen, Nitroglycerin, aspirin)?
Medication given for pancreatitis. (Hint: should be given with meals/snacks, will accept two different names for it).
What is pancreatic enzyme (Pancrelipase)?
Abnormal response that leads to pulmonary edema following a blood product transfusion.
What is transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
Emergent dysrhythmia presents as a flat line on EKG, treated with CPR and epinephrine. You can not treat with defibrillation.
What is asystole?
EKG change that indicates ischemia.
What is ST elevation?
Labratory test that is an inflammatory marker, considered an emerging cardiovascular risk factor.
What is C-reactive protein (CRP)?