Unit 1:Renaissance and Exploration (1450-1648)
gained their fame as Florentine bankers
Medici Family
This treaty, signed in 1648, officially ended the Thirty Years' War and marked a victory for religious pluralism.
Peace of Westphalia
Leader of the New Model Army during the English Civil War?
Oliver Cromwell
Wrote "The Treatise on Civil Government". Believed in Natural Rights such as life, liberty and property.
John Locke
This is the most famous "urban" uprising of the common people, credited with being the first violent event of the Revolution.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
This is the birthplace of Napoleon, annexed by the French...
Corsica
This northern humanist wrote a powerful critique of Catholic Church abuses in "In Praise of Folly".
Erasmus
defined Catholic doctrine and made sweeping decrees on self-reform, helping to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church in the face of Protestant expansion.
Council of Trent
(Daily Double - 200 for each) In countries with Absolutist Monarchies, the ______ power of the Nobility decreased. However, the _______ status of the Nobility stayed the the same.
POLITICAL power; SOCIAL status
Wrote "The Social Contract"
Rousseau
This battle was the final defeat of Napoleon, leading to his permanent exile to St. Helena and effectively ending the Napoleonic era...
What is the Battle of Waterloo?
This 14th-century Florentine is considered the "father" of Humanism in Renaissance Italy.
Petrarch
This 1521 event forced Luther to stand trial for his beliefs before Charles V.
Diet of Worms
known for his theory of the Divine Right of Kings (as stated before, believes that the ruler has control over every facet of political and religious life)
Jacques Bossuet
the belief that there is a God but that this entity does not act in people's daily lives according to traditional beliefs. (God as a "watchmaker")
Deism
This "executive" organization, with one of its most important members being Maximilien Robespierre, was granted broad powers by the National Convention to administer justice and crush anarchy and counterrevolutions...
What is the Committee of Public Safety?
made everyone equal in the eyes of the law, separated the Church and the state, guaranteed civil liberties, and ensured freedom of religion.
Napoleonic Code
The edict issued by the Pope in 1494 divided the world between Spain and Portugal by drawing a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This Spanish founder of the Jesuits led a movement to strengthen Catholic education and missionary work.
Ignatius of Loyola
Double Jeopardy
Louis XIV was nine years old when the nobles, driven by hatred of this prime minister rose against the crown in 1648.
What was this this uprising called and who was the prime minister?
The Fronde, Cardinal Mazarin
Their real name was François-Marie Arouet
Believed in Freedom of religion, freedom of speech. Wrote "Letters on the English".
Defended enlightened absolutists.
Voltaire
This Jacobin group defeated their political rivals in the Convention, the Girondins, and found the king guilty of treason and executed him on January 21, 1793...
Who were the Mountain? (montagnard)
Double Jeopardy
met in 1814-1815 to re-establish the European order and essentially “undo” the French Revolution.
Who led the congress?
Congress of Vienna, Prince Klemens von Metternich
This was the period in which two popes controlled the Catholic Church: one from Rome and the other from Avignon.
Great Schism
Double Jeopardy!
basically a fancy word for throwing someone out of a window, this led to the beginning of what phase of the thirty years war? Both answers for credit
Defenestration of Prague, Bohemian Phase
In 1713 this ended the war of Spanish succession
Treaty of Utrecht
Discovered and explained the circulatory system in the body
William Harvey
This is the name for the month of the Revolution where the Terror began to cease, churches were reopened, the Jacobin club was shut down and freedom of worship was granted...
What is the Thermidorian Reaction?
After his defeat to the British at Trafalgar, Napoleon turned all of his attention to this, which was a full-fledged effort to weaken Britain economically...
The Continental System
A technique from the Italian Renaissance in which figures would be placed with one side of the body leaning dominantly on one foot while the other side of the body, feet, and hips, would appear lower
Contrapposto
Decree issued by King Henry IV of France, which granted religious freedom to the Huguenots (French Protestants) and ended the French wars of religion
Edict of Nantes
introduced the intendant system, where royal officials known as intendants enforced royal decrees, collected taxes, and maintained public order, France experienced centralization, as intendants answered directly to the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieu
Enlightened Absolutist from Prussia. Believed he was a "servant of the people". He created the Civil Servant exams for the government.
Frederick II "The Great"