Introduction
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.
philosophy
Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable.
Testable
________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.
Absolute threshold
Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.
occurs as a result of experience
A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ________.
Neutral stimulus
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.
proposed explanation
________ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.
naturalistic observation
________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
Perception
In ________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior.
Classical conditioning
If you were to stare at a green dot for a relatively long period of time and then shift your gaze to a blank white screen, you would see a ________ negative afterimage.
Red
________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
Maslow
The major limitation of case studies is ________.
the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population
The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as ________.
Timbre
In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates ________.
stimulus generalization
A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.
I-O
Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
unconditional positive regard
Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): ________.
Case study
________ operate best under bright light conditions.
Cones
________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.
Negative punishment
A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories ________.
were not testable
The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.
PsyD
Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of ________.
attrition
The three ossicles of the middle ear are known as ________.
malleus, incus, and stapes
Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________.
Shaping
The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.