Terms & Definitions
The power and authority to choose one of two or more alternative behaviors
What is Discretion?
This ethical system bases ethics largely upon one's character and possession of certain valued qualities
What are Ethics of Virtue?
Aristotle's principle of the Golden Mean stressed the importance of this
What is Moderation?
The first step necessary to clarify any dilemma
What is Review all the Facts?
A free meal for a police officer at a restaurant they patrol at is an example of this
What is a Gratuity?
The study and analysis of what constitutes good or bad conduct
What are Ethics?
This embraces human's inclination for self-preservation
What is Natural Law?
Bentham theorized that people rationally choose their behaviors by weighing the pleasure or benefit of their actions against the potetial pain or cost
What is Hedonistic Calculus?
The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and the Oath of Honor were developed by this association
What is the International Association of Chiefs of Police?
This part of the brain is associated with reason
What is the Frontal Lobe?
These actions are commendable but not required for a person to be considered moral
What are Supererogatories?
There are no moral absolutes, and what is deemed "good" and "bad" can be different among groups
What is Ethical Relativism?
According to Beccaria and Bentham's utilitarian rationale, punishment should be based on this
What is the Seriousness of the Crime?
"Graft" is defined in the text as the exploitation of one's role by this
What is Accepting Bribes, Kickbacks, or Protection Money?
This distributive justice theory specifically emphasizes entitlement over need
What is Libertarian?
These are required behaviors, actions, or responsibilities that are attached to a specific role
What are Duties?
This type of ethics focuses on duty; Can be associated with Immanuel Kant
What is Ethical Formalism?
Paul Zak calls this the "moral molecule"
What is Oxytocin?
Ridicule is an example of this kind of abuse
What is Psychological Abuse?
This type of corruption involves police "testilying"
What is Noble-cause Corruption?
Using facts and objective reasoning to effectively reach a decision or understand a problem
What is Critical Thinking?
This type of ethics judges the consequences of an act
What is Utilitarianism?
Cohen and Feldberg proposed that police power stems from this
What is Social Contract?
These type of lies are used to control a suspect or to avoid the use of force
What are Blue Lies?
An on-duty lifeguard ran into the ocean to rescue a drowning child, risking their own life in the process. The lifeguard performed this type of duty
What is a Professional Duty?