Science of Human Development
Repeating a study’s procedures and methods with different participants is called _____.
replication
Pavlov’s experiments with dogs demonstrated _____.
classical conditioning
A gene that is hidden, and not dominant is said to be _____.
recessive
Between 8 and 15 percent of women experience _____, a sense of inadequacy and sadness after giving birth.
postpartum depression
_____ is the primary stress hormone in the body.
Cortisol
_____ is the idea that abilities, personality, and other human characteristics can change over time.
Plasticity
What are Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
The cells that result from the early duplication and division are called _____.
stem cells
The period of development from the ninth week after conception until birth is called the _____.
fetal period
_____ is a custom in which parents and their children (usually infants) sleep together in the same room.
Co-sleeping
During an experiment, experimenters manipulate a(n) _____ variable, which is the extra treatment or special condition.
independent
_____ is the learning process that focuses on what happens after a response to a stimulus.
operant conditioning
About how many cells does a newborn have?
26 billion
The period of development during which the basic forms of all body structures develop is called the _____.
embryonic period
A brain chemical that carries information from the axon of a sending neuron to the dendrites of a receiving neuron is called a(n) _____.
neurotransmitter
_____ is the idea that the various identities need to be combined.
intersectionality
_____ is the reinterpretation of new experiences to fit into old ideas.
Assimilation
The science of the interaction between nature and nurture is explored in _____.
epigenetics
An infant with a body weight at birth that is less than 1,500 grams (3 pounds, 5 ounces) is said to have a _____.
very low birth weight
The _____ is the area of the cortex at the very front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and impulse control.
prefrontal cortex
_____ is the idea that people vary in how sensitive they are to particular experiences, either because of their genes or because of their past experiences.
differential susceptibility
The _____ is the approach in which developmentalists apply aspects of each of the various theories of development rather than adhering exclusively to one theory.
eclectic approach
_____ indicates how much of the variation in a particular trait, within a particular population, in a particular context and era, can be traced to genes
Heritability
When a newborn’s feet are stroked, the toes fan upward. This is an example of the _____.
Babinski reflex
_____ primes the body’s immune system to resist a particular disease.
Immunization