Research Methods
The idea that many (seminal) studies in science can't be redone with the same results.
A psychological mechanism where individuals consciously or unconsciously create obstacles to their own success to protect their self-esteem
Self-handicapping
The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind
Availability heuristic
The tendency to overestimate the number of other people who share one’s opinions, attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors
False consensus
Describe decision fatigue.
The psychological and/or emotional burnout from repeated choices.
Who is often used as a "convenience sample" in psychological research?
college students
The idea that people learn about themselves by imagining how they appear to others
The looking glass self
The tendency to underestimate the number of other people who share one’s most prized characteristics and abilities
False uniqueness
The tendency to notice and search for information that confirms one’s beliefs and to ignore information that disconfirms one’s beliefs
Confirmation Bias
The preference to keep things the same rather than change.
Collects data on two variables and measures the association between them with a number between -1 and 1
Correlation
A pattern in which people claim credit for success but deny blame for failure
Self-serving bias
Imagining alternatives to past or present events or circumstances like "what ifs"
Counterfactual thinking
The tendency to believe that a particular chance event is affected by previous events and that chance events will “even out” in the short run
Gambler's Fallacy
What is the panic button effect?
The kind of study that involves an independent and dependent variable
Wanting to perform an activity for personal growth, enjoyment, or satisfaction.
Intrinsic motivation
A cognitive bias where people overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors when interpreting others' behavior
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all
Illusory correlation
Describe temporal discounting
The idea that the present is often more important in decisions than the future.
A questionable research practice where scientists analyze data, discover patterns, and then create a hypothesis that fits those results, falsely presenting it as a prediction made before the study
HARKing
The two kind of social comparison
Upward and downward
The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical case
Representativeness heuristic
A cognitive bias where people ignore general, statistical, or population-level information in favor of specific, vivid information
Base rate fallacy
What is learned helplessness?
People repeatedly think they will fail (or do fail) so they stop trying to succeed.