Unit 1
The unequal distribution of electrons around a molecule. (Water is _______)
What is polar?
The higher this ratio in a cell, the more effective metabolism.
What is the surface area:volume ratio
During the final step of glycolysis (the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation), a gradient of H+ ions is produced across the mitochondrial inner membrane. This function in chemistry is used to typically measure the concentration of H+ ions found in solution.
These specific type of lipid-based molecules are involved in endocrine (long-distance) signals.
What are hormones?
If the calculated chi-square value is LESS than the critical value, you must do the following with the null hypothesis.
What is ACCEPT the null?
The process by which polymer bonds are broken. Involves and requires the introduction of a water molecule.
What is hydrolysis?
These specialized transport proteins found in cell membranes allow for the facilitated diffusion of water across membranes.
What are aquaporins?
Bacteria often perform this type of metabolism in anaerobic environments, producing lactic acid and small amounts of ATP.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
This is the process by which signals increase during signal transduction during a signaling cascade. (secondary messengers produce this effect)
What is amplification?
What is recessive?
Interactions between these groups on an amino acid result in the tertiary structure of a protein.
What are R groups?
When water potential in a solution is lower than that of the cells, water will move in this direction.
What is from in the cell, outward to the solution? (aka, the cell will LOSE mass)
_____ have lower pH (ranging from 0 - 6.99), while ____ have higher pH (ranging from 7.01 - 14).
What are acids and bases?
This type of feedback loop involves the product amplifying or increasing the initial stimulus.
What is positive feedback?
This is the expected phenotypic ratio of offspring from a dihybrid cross that follows typical mendelian genetics.
What is 9:3:3:1?
Nucleic acids include these 3 basic chemical groups in their structure.
What are a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base?
If a molecule has one or both of these properties, it will almost always require a protein to pass through the cell membrane.
What is large and charged (polar)?
Molecules that do not bind to the active site of an enzyme, but still inhibit the enzyme's function are performing this type of inhibition.
What is allosteric inhibition?
This is the phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs.
What is the S phase?
What is 7?
Based on their R groups, amino acids can be described as either ________, ___________ or __________/____________.
What are hydrophilic, hydrophobic and acidic/basic?
Provide at least 2 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiont theory.
Mitochondria/Chloroplast....
1. Have their own DNA
2. Replicate on their own
3. Have double membranes
During photosynthesis, ATP is formed by ATP Synthase as H+ ions flow through it, found in the membranes of these structures within the chloroplast.
What is the thylakoid?
Meiosis happens in these type of cells, and results in this many GENETICALLY IDENTICAL daughter cells.
What are somatic cells? What is 2?
This chart is used by geneticists to show genetic traits passed down over generations and can be used to determine the mode of inheritance for a specific trait.
What is a pedigree?