Chesapeake Colonies
England's first settlement in North America. Was not permanent
Roanoke Island
American militiamen fought for the British against French Catholics and their Indian allies in this war. As a result, the British empire grew beyond its control
Seven Years' War (or French and Indian War)
This group largely agreed with European Calvinists. They sought to purify the Church of England and settled in New England in 1620
Puritans
This was the year a Dutch slave ship sold twenty Africans to the Virginia colonists, beginning slavery in North America
1619
Islands such as Jamaica, Barbados, Grenada, and Dominca were important to the British economy, producing this "sweet" commodity
Sugar
The year Jamestown was founded
1607
During the Revolutionary War, American soldiers suffered through a brutal winter at this location, with nearly 2,500 dying from disease and exposure
Valley Forge
This pan-Indian uprising occurred in 1675-1676 and led to the enslavement of a number of Indians. Many would be exported throughout the Atlantic region.
King Philip's War
This journey across the Atlantic was the second leg of three journeys from Africa to the Americas. Conditions were brutal and many Africans died on this journey
The Middle Passage
Largest city in North America in 1775. Site of the Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia
This commodity changed everything in Virginia. It incentivized further colonization and connected the colony to the broader global trade.
Tobacco
Tax that the British Parliament levied on paper. In response, patriots organized nonimportation agreements and used more domestic products
Stamp Act
Group that settled in Pennsylvania and was known for religious tolerance and opposition to the institution of slavery
Quakers
Survived the Middle Passage and went on to publish an autobiography detailing the experience. He later fought for the abolition of the slave trade
Olaudah Equiano
Philosopher who pioneered the idea of the social contract, which was the belief that government was put in place by the people.
John Locke (will also accept Thomas Hobbes, although we didn't focus on him in the reading)
White servants and Black slaves fought side by side in response to the despotic governance of Gov. William Berkeley.
Bacon's Rebellion
Former slave who became a dockworker who was the first killed in the Boston Massacre of 1770
Crispus Attucks
Causes of this supernatural spectacle spurred by local rivalry, political turmoil, and the legacy of tensions with Indians. From 1692-93 fourteen women and six men were executed
Salem Witch Trials
This rebellion was a violent reminder that slaves would fight for freedom. Many low-country slaves set out for Spanish Florida, which offered freedom to English slaves. Local militia murdered many slaves and shipped others to the West Indies
Stono Rebellion (September 1739)
Process that resulted in a rise in the income of Americans, coupled with a fall in the price of commodities. Luxuries became common goods and the average person could spend more money on goods
Consumer Revolution
Joint stock company that created new settlements on the Atlantic coast (in the state by the same name). Chartered under James II of England.
Virginia Company
Ratified by the Continental Congress in 1781. Congress was not given power to collect taxes, regulate commerce, or establish a federal judiciary
Articles of Confederation
A key figure in the Great Awakening, this preacher preached against sin. His most famous sermon was titled "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
Jonathan Edwards
Promised freedom, many slaves fought for this group during the American Revolution
The British
During this war, Native Americans attacked British forts and frontier settlements. Although they did not win, Native Americans succeeded in altering the British's Indian policy, leading to the Royal Proclamation of 1763
Pontiac's War