General Structures
These are the structures of the upper respiratory tract
What are the nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx
The general 1) regions of and 2) location of the lungs
What is 1) apex, lobes and base 2) the thoracic cavity, apex is posterior to the clavicles, base rests atop the diaphragm.
These are the 4 general functions of the respiratory system
What are gas exchange (intaking oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide), maintenance of pH balance, phonation (production of sound), and olfaction (sense of smell)
The name of the serous membranes surrounding the lungs
What are the pleurae
The term for the amount of air involved in a normal inhalation and exhalation
What is the Tidal Volume (average = 500 mL)
These are the structures of the lower respiratory tract
What are the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
This is the general location of the nasopharynx
What is posterior to the nasal cavity
The general function of the tonsils in the respiratory system
What is to protect against inhaled pathogens
1) This is the primary muscle of respiration 2) some other muscles of respiration
1) What is the diaphragm 2) What are the SCM, scalenes, intercostals, serratus anterior, serratus posterior muscles, abdominals, quadratus lumborum...
The term for the amount of air, beyond tidal volume, that can be taken in with the deepest possible inhalation
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (ranges from 2000-3000 mL)
These are the structures of the conducting zone
What are the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
The 1) respiratory structure in which the epiglottis is found and 2) the general region of that structure in which the epiglottis is found
What is 1) the larynx and 2) the uppermost/ superior region of the larynx
The process taking place in the alveoli/ respiratory zone
What is (external) gas exchange
The muscles of inspiration cause what basic change in the size/ shape of the thoracic cavity
What is increase in the size/ expansion of the thoracic cavity anteriorly, inferiorly & laterally
The term for the amount of air, beyond tidal volume, that can be expelled with the most forceful exhalation
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ranges from 1000 to 1500 mL)
These are the structures of the respiratory zone
What are the alveoli (and the respiratory bronchioles)
The structure found between the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
What is the diaphragm (a skeletal muscle)
The general functions taking place as air enters the nasal cavity
What are warming, purifying/ filtering, and humidifying the air
The exhalation portion of "normal" respiration is considered an active or passive process
What is passive (relaxation of the diaphragm muscle)
This is the term for the amount of air involved in the deepest inhalation followed by the most forceful exhalation
What is Vital Capacity (TV + IRV + ERV, average range = 3500 - 5000 mL)
These specialized features of the respiratory mucosa ensures that trapped particles, mucus and debris is swept away from the lungs
What are cilia/ ciliated epithelium
The inferior boundary of the (posterior) lungs lines up roughly with which thoracic vertebra?
What is T10
This is the function of the epiglottis
What is to protect the airways from food when swallowing
Expansion of the thoracic cavity causes pressure within the lungs to increase or decrease?
What is decrease
This is the term for the amount of air which always remains in the airways even with the most forceful exhalation
What is Residual air/ Residual volume (average range = 1000 - 1500 mL)