Expressing Similarities
Perfect Modals
Noun Clauses
Relative Clauses
Expressing Differences
100

Similarly, the acts of of being overweight, smoking, and drinking too much alcohol also contribute to a person’s risk of heart disease.

(replace the word 'similarly' with another word)

Likewise, the acts of of being overweight, smoking, and drinking too much alcohol also contribute to a person’s risk of heart disease.

100

A. “My car was towed away from the academic parking lot yesterday.”

 B. You know that students are not allowed to park there. You ......

(complete the sentence with perfect modal) 

You shouldn't have parked there. 

100

Immigration has the potential to cause real social change. It is apparent.

Combine these sentences using noun clauses

It is apparent that immigration has the potential to cause real social change. 

100

A person wanting younger skin can get plastic surgery.

A person ____________________________ younger skin can get plastic surgery.

 Give the full relative clause 

A person who wants younger skin can get plastic surgery.


100

Diets vary from one country to another. However, eating too few fruits and vegetables and too much salt accounted for half of all deaths. 

(rewrite with although)

Although diets vary from one country to another, eating too few fruits and vegetables and too much salt accounted for half of all deaths.

200

New York and Tokyo are similar to each other as they are both densely populated. 

(rewrite the sentence with using 'similar in that' ) 

New York and Tokyo are similar in that they are both  densely populated. 

200

Look! Those foreign tourists are smoking in a ‘no smoking’ area. It is possible that they did not see the sign. 

Rewrite the sentence with perfect modal 

They might not have seen the sign. 

200

It is essential that immigration should be regulated. 

Use infinitive 

It is essential to regulate the immigration.  

200

Most people need to learn English for their job.  

These people complain that they don’t have enough time to study as they work and prefer to spend time with their families.

Combine these sentences with a relative pronoun

Most people who need to learn English for their job complain that they don’t have enough time to study as they work and prefer to spend time with their families.

200

It is impossible for an average person to process a big amount of information .................... a savant has the ability to do it.

Fill in the blank with one word 

It is impossible for an average person to process a big amount of information whereas a savant has the ability to do it.

300

Residents take advantage of the boating, scuba diving and fishing opportunities. Tourists do the same.

Combine these two sentences by using 'alike'. 

Residents and tourists alike take advantage of the boating, scuba diving and fishing opportunities.

300
The experts clearly explained the cause of death, which is heart attack. 


Rewrite with perfect modal 

The patient .......

The patient must have died of heart attack. 

300

 How do medical professionals use the data from DNA research? 

complete the sentence with a noun clause

The future of preventative medicine will reflect.......

The future of preventative medicine will reflect how medical professionals use the data from DNA research.

300

Doctors who have medical qualifications should accumulate several years of observation before attempting invasive surgery.

Rewrite with 'with' 

Doctors with medically qualifications should accumulate several years of observation before attempting invasive surgery.

300

An epidemic is specific to one city, region or country however a pandemic occurs if a disease spreads across a wide geographical area.

rewrite with unlike

Unlike an epidemic, which is specific to one city, region or country,  a pandemic occurs if a disease spreads across a wide geographical area.

400

The war caused destruction and death along with generations of hatred between the two communities.

rewrite this sentence with 'not only ...but also' 

The war caused not only destruction and death but also generations of hatred between the two communities.

400

If dinosaurs had survived, what would have happened to some of the animals we know now? 


Answer the question using a perfect modal

Many of the animals with which we’re familiar might not have had the opportunity to evolve.

400

Patients benefit from the alternative medical therapy but it depends on the age and health condition of the patient.

Rewrite this sentence, use a noun clause with 'who' in the subject position

  • Who benefits from the alternative medical therapy depends on the age and health condition of the patient.
400

It is important to note the assumptions arising from the use this measurement. In certain cases, some of those children born to a mother may no longer be alive, or some of these children may be half brothers or sisters that live in different households.

Give the full relative clauses 

It is important to note the assumptions that arise from the use this measurement. In certain cases, some of those children who were born to a mother may no longer be alive, or some of these children may be half brothers or sisters that live in different households.

400

The technology could help those with some type of brain injury or trauma, though gathering data from raw brain activity could put people in great risk, and could be used to influence, manipulate and exploit them.

rewrite with while 

While the technology could help those with some type of brain injury or trauma, gathering data from raw brain activity could put people in great risk, and could be used to influence, manipulate and exploit them.

500

Spotify does not charge extra fees to download content. Amazon Prime Music also allows its users to download content with no extra fees. 

Rewrite this sentence with (neither... nor) 

Neither Spotify nor Amazon Prime music charges extra fees to download content. 

500

The suspect was abroad at the time of the crime. 

Did he commit the crime? 

Answer the question using a perfect modal

The suspect can't have committed the crime. 

500

 Does the investor receive government funding? 

It determines the future success of investment.

Combine these sentences with a noun clause in the subject position 

Whether the investor receives government funding (or not) determines the future success of investment.

500

There must exist in a modern community a sufficient number of people who posses the technical skill that is required to maintain the numerous devices upon which our physical comforts depend. [This sentence came from the writing of Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher.]

Reduce the relative clauses

There must exist in a modern community a sufficient number of people possesing the technical skill  required to maintain the numerous devices upon which our physical comforts depend. [This sentence came from the writing of Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher.]

500

Although it is not certain, low vitamin D will cause fatigue as low levels cause mitochondria, the ‘power stations’ in every cell of the body, to be less efficient.

(rewrite with despite) 

Despite not being certain, low vitamin D will cause fatigue as low levels cause mitochondria, the ‘power stations’ in every cell of the body, to be less efficient.