Chapter 1 (Learning)
This view was based on a view of language as a formal system of structures (grammar, phonology, etc.) and focused on drill and practice methods to achieve accuracy.
Structural CALL
This type of grammar teaching emphasizes rules as a form of metalinguistic knowledge and is equated with the deductive teaching of discrete points of grammar.
Explicit
What are the types of learning?
The former assumes that vocabulary can be acquired through repeated language exposure (e.g., reading) and the latter by making a deliberate learning effort to learn word forms.
incidental learning and intentional learning
... are the perceived possibilities that a user has for such tools and applications.
affordances
It involves being aware of what one is doing while reading.
metacognition
This will be achieved when the technology is fully normalized (see below) and ‘CALL’ is no longer a meaningful construct because technology is an inseparable part of everyday life and teaching.
Integrated CALL
What does DDL stand for?
Data driven learning
Provide 3 examples of lexical tools.
Open online resources (e.g., Google search, Wikipedia)
E-dictionaries (web-based or localized)
Lexical concordancers (e.g., BNC or COCA)
Through increasing salience, input modification, or input simplification or elaboration we can provide ...
enhanced input
This type of processing involves using strategies to understand more difficult texts, such as identifying main ideas, recognizing related and thematic information, forming a text model of comprehension.
higher-level processing
This is a broad role of computer that applies to any context in which technology is the means by which a task is achieved.
Tool
Which view of language does tutorial CALL support?
Structural
Vocabulary flashcards are based on the principle of ...
spaced repetition and retrieval
The idea that two or more individualsnworking together can produce more accurate, or at least more elaborate, L2 utterances underlies all L2 group activities reflects the concept of ...
ZPD
... is a narrative where the characters or the environment in which the story takes place yields some level of control to the audience (the reader, the viewer, or the listener), i.e., in our case the ESL learner.
Interactive Fiction
Which theory is it? 'knowledge is not something which exists in its own right, independent of people (platonic knowledge), but is rather located in the minds of many individuals and that new ideas are constructed through shared thinking and conversations.'
Connectivist theory
What does ICALL rely on?
natural language processing (NLP), student modeling, and expert systems
The all‐in‐one where all four stages involved in learning are addressed: from meeting new items in context, accessing the meaning via lexical tools, mapping the word meaning and form, to receptive or productive use of the items.
Dedicated lexical applications
... means that students take responsibility for their own learning process, which should not be confused with self‐instruction.
Autonomous learning
This approach gets students to brainstorm ideas, draft texts, then ask others to read and comment, and – as a result – edit for content and language, and redraft.
process
What are the 4 elements of digital competence?
procedural competence, socio-digital competence, digital discourse competence, strategic competence
What are the most frequently used corpora for DDL purposes in English?
the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)
Name 4 stages of internal memory processes for vocabulary learning.
Perceiving the word form, assessing the word meaning, building the word entry, retrieving the word
Cognitivists see speaking proficiency as consisting of three separate but interrelated constructs ...
(1) accuracy, (2) complexity, and (3) fluency
AWE stands for ...
Automated Writing Evaluation