Midterm

Language, Communication and Speech

100

The process participants use to exchange ideas and information, needs and desires.

What is communication

200

verbal and non-verbal

What are types of communication

300

form, content and use

What is components of language

400

articulation, smoothness and voice

What is characteristics of speech

500

Socially shared rule governed arbitrary code dynamic and creative generative can be oral, written or signed

What are the characteristics of language.

Elements of Language

100

the study of the sound system of language

What is phonology

200

Pragmatics falls under this component of language

What is use.

300

the study of the rules that govern how words are put together to make phrases and sentences.

What is syntax.

400

the study of the meaning of words

What is semantics.

500

semantics falls under this component of language

What is content

Morphology

100

smallest grammatical or meaningful unit of language

What is morpheme.

200

Can stand alone as a word and cannot be broken apart.

What is free morpheme.

300

Cannot stand alone as a word and it changes the original meaning

What is bound morpheme.

400

Count number of morphemes: Jack at chicken. Sally ate gum balls. Ben ate ten oranges.

What is 13.

500

Calculate number of morphemes: The cat went running over the hill, tripped in a pile of pumpkins, rolled in a stack of hay, and began laughing so hard he peed.

What is 32.

Speech Production

100

This psychological process is responsible for how individual sounds are formed and how sounds blend to form words.

What is articulation.

200

This psychological process involves the mouth and nasal cavities and resonating structures.

What is resonation.

300

This physiological process allows air to be forced into the larynx and vocal folds.

What is Phonation.

400

This physiological process provides air for speech production.

What is respiration.

500

These is responsible for making vibrations in order to produce sounds.

What is vocal folds.

Models of Language Development

100

This theory states that language is learned like any other behavior, it has a stimulus and reponse, and is reinforced by parents.

What is the Behaviorist model by B.F. Skinner.

200

This model and theorist states that language emerges from interaction of social patterns and biology of cognitive system. No specific part of brain designated to language. Experiences and hardwiring.

What is the Emergentist model by MacWhinny.

300

This model and theorist states that there are so many levels of learning and processing occurring simultaneously in language acquisition. More input and more experiences.

What is the Information Processing model by Bates and MacWhinny.

400

This model and theorist says that semantics is before syntax, word choice is related to meaning, and there is a close relationship between cognitive and language environment. Children talk about what they experience and think about. Little role given to input language.

What is Semantic - Cognitive by Bloom, Filmore, and Piaget.

500

This model and theorist says that language is universal to humans, it is innate. Brains are hardwired that way and once exposed to language the bran takes over. Diminished role given to input language.

What is the Nativist/Syntactic theory by Noam Chomsky.