Week 1- Intro to Cells and Biochemistry
100
Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
What is the Central Dogma?
100
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
What are the levels of protein structure?
100
A protein that transfers a phosphate group to a substrate.
What is a protein kinase?
100
The 2 antiparallel strands of DNA are held together by these specific basepair interactions.
What are hydrogen bonds?
100
Energetically unfavorable reactions can be pushed forward by an energetically favorable reaction.
What is reaction coupling?
200
A Base, Pentose sugar and at least one phosphate group.
What are Nucleotides composed of?
200
An amine group, an alpha carbon, a carboxyl group, and a R group
What does every amino acid contain?
200
A kinetic model used to describe the relationship between reaction rate and substrate concentration when observing enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
What is the Michaelis-Menten Kinetic plot?
200
The complete store of information in an organism's DNA.
What is the Genome?
200
A covalent bond formed when two cysteine residues create an intra-chain.
What is a disulfide bond?
300
Genes in different species from a common ancestral gene.
What are orthologs?
300
Alpha helix and beta sheet with polar and nonpolar sides
What is amphiphilic?
300
The formation of a polymer of ubiquitin molecules that attaches to a protein which results in proteasomal degradation or DNA repair.
What is polyubiquitylation?
300
The basic unit of chromatin made of DNA wrapped around a histone core.
What is a nucleosome?
300
Protein regions which act as tethers or scaffolds.
What are unstructured protein regions?
400
Genetic material transfered between organisms but not through parent to offspring inheritance
What is Horizontal Gene Transfer?
400
Tertiary structure that folds independently from the rest of the protein and provides specific function
What are domains?
400
Small molecules that work together to bring different macromolecules to the same location to increase efficiency and work in unison better.
What are scaffolding proteins?
400
The region of a chromosome where sister chromatids remain attached until separation during mitosis.
What is the centromere?
400
Unbound, ATP bound and ADP bound.
What are the conformational changes of motor proteins?
500
An isolated system will move spontaneously towards positioning with a higher state of disorder.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
500
Prefers cis configuration due to being the only cyclic amino acid with an imino sugar
What is proline?
500
The allosteric site is bound by a secondary ligand while the primary active site becomes less favored by the primary ligand since the second ligand is bound to the allosteric site. A molecule's active site becomes less favorable due to type of feedback system.
What is negative allostery?
500
The repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that protect them from degradation and fusion.
What are Telomeres?
500
Proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form nucleosomes, helping compact DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes.
What are histones?