Control of Gene Expression
Recognizes specific sequences of DNA on the same chromosome of gene they control.
What are transcription regulators?
These proteins can either bind directly to the cis-regulatory sequence of all genes for a specific cell type or control the expression of downstream transcriptional regulators.
What are master transcriptional regulators?
Area of the plasma membrane containing cholesterol and sphingolipids.
What is a lipid raft?
Transporters that simply facilitate the passive movement of a single solute from one side of the membrane to the other.
What is a uniporter?
Controls when and how often a gene is transcribed.
What is transcriptional control?
Changes to gene expression that don’t involve alterations to the DNA sequence.
What are epigenetic modifications?
Plays an important role in cell signaling in the plasma membrane but found in small quantities.
What is Phosphatidylinositol?
Type of ATP driven pump that phosphorylate themselves during the pumping cycle and include many ion pumps responsible for generating & maintaining gradients of protons across cell membranes.
What are P-type pumps?
Transcription motif where proteins bind to DNA as dimers and the two alpha helices are held together by interactions between hydrophobic amino acid side chains which separate past the dimerization forming a Y-shaped structure.
What is a leucine zipper motif?
A protein within RISC that holds the 5’ end of the miRNA stable to ensure the most optimal conformation for base pairing.
What is Argonaute?
Protein that functions as a light-activated H+ pump to transfer H+ out of a cell (specific to archaea) and is turned purple due to the chromophore in its molecules.
What is bacteriorhodopsin?
First identified class of non-selective cation mechanotransducers that have many roles in mechanotransduction, developmental, and regulatory processes.
What is the PIEZO family?
A group of genes that are transcribed from a single promoter into a single mRNA molecule (specific to bacterial chromosomes).
What is an operon?
These RNAs have a “hit list” of transposons that need to remain inactivated during gametogenesis.
What are Piwi-interacting RNAs? (piRNAs)
Filamentous protein that maintains the structural integrity and shape of the plasma membrane and is connected to multiple membrane proteins to create a meshwork that covers the cytosolic side of the cell membrane.
What is spectrin?
Interruption of the myelin sheath at regular intervals where almost all sodium channels in the axon are concentrated.
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
Uses two different signals so that the operon is expressed only when two conditions (glucose absent and lactose present) are exact.
What is the Lac operon?
The pattern in which cytosine is methylated to 5’-methylcytosine.
What is 5’C G3’?
Made up of carbohydrates and sugars (oligosaccharides) and contains one or more negatively charged sialic acid moieties.
What is a ganglioside?
The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system with the most gated ion channels in the brain.
What is glutamate?