Topic 8
Transcription factors recognize these 5-12nt of DNA sequences that reside upstream a gene's transcription site
What is a cis-regulatory sequence?
Epigenetics involves methylation of primarily this nucleotide to alter gene expression
What is cytosine?
hese four types of phospholipids make up mammalian plasma membranes
What are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin?
This class of membrane channel are ion channels that respond to mechanical forces
What is a mechanosensitive channel?
This protein motif forms a hydrophobic coiled coil structure and interacts with DNA for transcriptional regulation.
What is a leucine zipper?
The modification of certain amino acids in a histone protein by the addition of one, two, or three methyl groups is known as what?
What is histone methylation
These small amphiphilic molecules are used to solubilize proteins
What are detergents?
In the cytosol the sodium ion concentration is kept ___ relative to extracellular fluid
What is Low?
what is the most important point of gene expression control?
What is Transcriptional regulation
Cells express different genes based on their exposure to different factors
What is positional information?
what is a lipid phase enriched in fully saturated glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol- tightly packed together-have very low nonspecific permeability ?
What is a lipid raft
These are the most permeable molecules across a membrane
What are hydrophobic molecules?
___ of motifs increases specificity of binding
What is dimerization
These enzymes perform the conversion of an adenine to inosine
What are ADARs (Adenosine Deaminas Acting on RNA)
This is a lipid with characteristic 4 ring steroid structure needed for plasma membranes
What is cholesterol
In contrast to transporters these transmembrane proteins are only used for passive transport of molecules down their electrochemical gradients.
What are channels?
This large protein serves as a bridge between DNA-bound transcription activators, RNA Polymerase, and the general transcription factors
What is Mediator?
The expression of some genes depends on which parent they are inherited from. In these genes, if the paternal copy is active, the maternal one is silenced (or vice versa). This phenomenon is known as,,
What is Genomic Imprinting?
This phospholipid molecule contains a negatively charged head group and is concentrated in the cytosolic-facing bilayer of the plasma membrane
What is phosphatidylserine?
This specific type of ATP-dependent pump transfers H+ ions into organelles to acidify them.
What is a V-Type Pump?