Topic 12
This organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of membrane and secreted proteins.
What is the rough ER?
This is the cellular response that is triggered by an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and causes an expansion of the ER and increased transcription of genes that code for chaperones and degenerative enzymes.
What is the unfolded protein response?
These are small membrane-enclosed organelles which a small cage of proteins on its cytosolic surface and are formed by pinching off a region of the membrane.
What are coated vesicles?
This organelle expands to synthesize cholesterol and modifies it to form hormones.
What is the smooth ER?
These are sequences or patches that direct the delivery of a protein to a specific location, such as to a particular intracellular compartment.
What are sorting signals?
These proteins ferry individual lipid molecules between membranes.
What is a lipid transfer protein?
This coated vesicle transports material early in the secretory pathway and comes from the ER.
What is a COPII-coated vesicle?
This happens when a cell's membrane potential moves to a more negative value.
What is hyperpolarization?
This is a ribonucleoprotein particle that binds to an ER signal sequence on a partially-synthesized polypeptide, and directs that polypeptide to the attached ribosome to the ER.
What is the signal-recognition particle (SRP)?
These proteins form a protein translocator and participates in the import of proteins into peroxisomes.
What are peroxins?
This organelle regulates the plasma membrane insertion of some proteins and provides an intermediate stage on the passage of recycled receptors back to the cell membrane.
What is a recycling endosome?
This motif exists as a dimer that binds in a Y-shape to DNA.
What is a leucine zipper?
This protein is a member of the family of the hsp70-type chaperones and lives in the ER.
What is the BiP protein?
NLS-dependent nuclear import requires recognition of that sequence by this family of import receptors.
What is karyopherin?
These are intermediates in the endosome maturation process or early endosomes that are on their way to becoming late endosomes.
What are multivesicular bodies?
This three-subunit core of the protein translocator transfers polypeptide chains across the ER membrane.
What is the Sec61 complex?
This is an important ER resident protein which catalyzes the oxidation of free sulfhydryl groups on cysteines to form disulfide bonds.
What is protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)?
This is a channel-forming protein in the outer membranes of bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria.
What is a porin?
This degradative, endocytic pathway is induced in most cell types by cell-surface receptor activation by specific cargos and is clathrin-independent.
What is macropinocytosis?
This lipid molecule anchors the precursor oligosaccharide in the ER membrane.
What is dolichol?