Topic 1
80% of the Earth’s living carbon biomass belongs to this kingdom of eukaryotes.
What are plants?
This amino acid's side chain can produce strong disulfide bonds within a protein strand.
What is cysteine?
These proteins play a crucial role in the immune system, recognizing and neutralizing foreign substances.
What are antibodies?
This fatal brain disease is caused by an incorrectly folded protein causing other proteins to fold incorrectly. It is also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
What are prion diseases?
The thermodynamic quality that is represented in cells as the increase in disorder of their environment by the release of heat.
What is entropy?
All other amino acids prefer to be added to the protein strand in the trans conformation except this amino acid.
What is Proline?
In this type of allosteric regulation, this occurs when an inhibitor molecule decreases the enzyme's activity.
What is Negative Allosteric Regulation?
This nonpolar amino acid has a sulfur-containing side chain.
What is Methionine?
Related genes evolving from a single common ancestral gene that occur within the same species but have differing functions due to gene duplication and genetic divergence.
What are paralogs?
A secondary protein structure containing hydrophobic/nonpolar amino acid residues on one face of the structure and hydrophilic/polar amino acid residues on the opposite face of the structure.
What is an amphiphilic alpha helix?
Unstructured regions in proteins often serve as flexible linkers, allowing them to perform this important function.
What is the tethering function?
This is a modification to the RNA sequence or tail after translation occurs. It typically provides a messenger RNA.
What is polyadenylation?
Providing cellular structure, producing cellular transport channels, providing mobility to the cell, catalyzing biochemical reactions, and acting as signaling molecules
What are the functions of proteins?
This type of protein is insoluble in water and also responsible for fighting infections in the body.
What are Globular Proteins?
A ligand can bind to proteins using a specific bond.
What are noncovalent bonds?
snRNPs and snoRNPs “grow up” at this cellular site
What are Cajal Bodies
When one energetically unfavorable reaction uses the energy released from an energetically favorable reaction in order to complete the reaction due to the overall net free energy change from the pair of reactions is less than 0.
What is reaction coupling?
This illness is very commonly caused by the uncontrollable assembly of proteins and specifically an increase in large amounts of Lewy Bodies (proteins) (1) that can affect the overall function of the neurons.
*Reference in answer*
What is Parkinson's Disease?
Reference:
1. Reynolds S. (2019). Tracking the Spread of Parkinson's Proteins from Gut to Brain. National Institutes of Health. DOI: Tracking the spread of Parkinson’s proteins from gut to brain | National Institutes of Health (NIH).
This mechanism regulates extracellular signals and has three protein components to function effectively, a protein kinase, a protein phosphatase and a substrate protein.
What is protein phosphorylation?