Chemical Structure
Has physical and chemical properties and exists in the form of a solid, liquid or gas. All _____ is made up of chemicals and any substance that occupies space and has mass is _____
Matter
A chemical combination of matter in fixed proportions.
Pure substance
Known as the universal solvent.
Water
What does pH stand for?
Potential hydrogen
All oxidation reactions are _______.
Exothermic Reactions
Simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom
Element
Air is an example of what type of mixture?
Physical
Occurs when nail polish is applied onto nails and the solvent evaporates, forming a layer or film on the nail
Physical Change
What is average pH of skin and hair.
Results from loss of hydrogen.
Oxidation
Chemical combination of two or more atoms in fixed proportions.
Molecules
All matter can be classified as either a __________ or a __________.
Pure Substance
Physical Mixture
Which type of emulsion feels more greasy? O/W or W/O
Water in oil
What type of scale is the pH scale?
Logarithmic meaning one whole number represents a tenfold change in pH
Requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur.
Endothermic Reaction
Basic unit of matter with a nucleus at the center that consist of electrons, neutrons and of protons which determine the element.
Atom
These neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products. Often used in place if ammonia.
Alkanolamines
Used as both a solvent and a moisturizer in skin and body creams.
Glycerin
How many more times is a pH of 5 more acidic than a pH of 3.
100 times
When acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions, balancing the total pH.
Acid-alkali neutralization reaction
Represents the number of protons for an element.
Atomic Number
Less greasy than oils. Used in water-resistant lubricants for the skin.
Silicones
Compounds that react with acids to form salts.
Alkalis
What would be result of applying acidic products to dry, dehydrated skin?
It would further dry and irritate skin.
When oxidation and reduction take place at the same time.
Redox (Oxidation-reduction)