Moral Combat
At this first level of Kohlberg's moral development, a child behaves to avoid punishment
What is Preconventional morality
Erikson's stage for infants (0–18 months) where successful resolution leads to the virtue of hope.
What is Trust vs. Mistrust
This is the first stage of Piaget's cognitive development (birth–2 years) where infants learn through senses and motor actions
What is Sensorimotor stage?
A hospitalized teenager refuses to cheat on a school assignment because she believes rules are important and everyone should follow them.
What is Kohlberg’s Conventional Morality stage?
At Stage 2 of Kohlberg's model, children follow rules only when it serves their own interests.
What instrumental/self-interest orientation
The stage for toddlers (18 months–3 years) where children develop a sense of control. Failure leads to shame and doubt.
What is Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
A child in this stage (ages 2–7) believes everyone sees the world from their own perspective. What is this cognitive limitation called
What is Egocentrism
A 78-year-old hospice patient reflects on his life and says, “I’ve made mistakes, but I’m proud of the life I lived.”
What is Erikson’s Integrity vs. Despair stage?
Most adults operate at this level where morality is based on social rules and maintaining social order
What is Conventional morality
School-age children (6–12 years) in this stage develop confidence in their abilities or feel inferior to peers
What is Industry vs. Inferiority
This cognitive concept, mastered in the concrete operational stage, is the understanding that matter doesn't change when its shape or container changes
What is Conservation
A 7-year-old diabetic patient understands that even if insulin is placed into a different syringe, it is still the same amount of medicine.
What is Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage (conservation)?
This highest level of Kohlberg's model involves moral reasoning based on universal ethical principles, even if they conflict with laws
What is Postconventional morality
Erikson's stage for middle adulthood focused on contributing to society and guiding the next generation
What is Generativity vs. Stagnation
In Piaget's formal operational stage, adolescents develop this type of thinking to solve hypothetical problems
What is Abstract/hypothetical thinking
A patient decides to report unsafe nursing practice even though coworkers may become upset because protecting patients is ethically the right thing to do.
What is Kohlberg’s Postconventional Morality stage?
A nurse who refuses to follow a doctor's order because it violates their personal ethical beliefs, even at risk of their job, is demonstrating this level of Kohlberg's mode
What is Postconventional morality
This is Erikson's final stage (65+) where individuals reflect on life with either satisfaction or despair.
What is Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Piaget called the process of incorporating new experiences into existing mental frameworks by this term
What is Assimilation ?
A 7-year-old patient works hard to complete their breathing exercises and proudly shows the nurse their progress chart.
Industry vs. Inferiority