Rock Types
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic.
Describe soil porosity.
Soil porosity is pore space, or the space between individual sediments.
______ is the process in which sediments settle out of wind, water, or ice.
Weathering.
True or False: Soil tends to get darker the closer you get to the surface.
True
What factors influence the types of soil in different regions? List at least 2.
Topography, climate, animal/plant life in the area, parent rocks.
Sediments.
What are the 4 components of soil?
Organic matter, rock fragments/sediments, air, and water.
The process in which layers of sediment are tightly squeezed together by pressure is called ____.
Compaction.
Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?
What steps can you take to improve the quality of soil in your own garden?
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation create a ____ rock.
Explain the difference between sand, clay, and silt.
- Clay has the smallest particles, is smooth to the touch, and holds water well.
- Sand has the largest particles, is rough to the touch, and doesn't hold water very well.
- Silt particles and bigger than clay, but smaller than sand particles, is soft to the touch, and hold water decently well.
Name at least 2-3 processes that occur on the surface of the Earth.
Weathering, erosion, and deposition.
List the soil horizons in correct order, from the top horizon to the bottom horizon/layer.
Horizon A, Horizon B, Horizon C, Parent Rock
How might water pollution affect the soil in a region?
Can introduce harmful chemicals, which prevents plants from growing. Can also affect animal life.
Rocks that form from the cooling of magma below the Earth's surface are called _____ rocks.
Intrusive Igneous.
True or False: Permeability is the movement of water and air through the pores of the soil.
True.
Dissolved minerals and particles of sediment stick together to form a sedimentary rock in a process called _____.
Cementation.
List at least 4 organic things in the soil.
Plants, bacteria, worms, decayed animals/plants, animal poop.
What makes soil red?
Iron in the soil rusts.
At Earth's surface, rocks are broken down by wind, water, or ice in a process called _____. These rocks are broken down into pieces called ______. The rock pieces are then moved by wind, water, or ice, in a process called _____.
Weathering, sediment/fragments, erosion.
How are permeability and pore space related?
The more/less pore space there is, the more/less water or air can travel through the soil
Heat and pressure deep beneath the earth can cause any rock to turn into a _____ rock.
Metamorphic.
Describe the Parent Rock layer. What is its role in the development of soil and its relation to the soil horizons.
Parent rock provides sediments and rock fragments for the soil. It is the very bottom layer, also known as bedrock.
If you were to start your own garden at home, what type/color of soil would you want to start with? Why?
Dark brown soil because it is filled with nutrients and organic matter. The darker the soil, the richer it is.