Minerals and Rocks in the Geosphere

Earth's Interior

100

Earth has three main layers: crust, _______, and core.

Mantle

200

How do the temperature and pressure of the Earth change as the depth increases?

They both increase.

300

What is the thinnest layer of Earth?

Crust

400

Is the outer core solid or liquid?

Liquid

500

What processes or forces combine to set convection currents in motion?

1. Heating and cooling of fluid

2. Changes in a fluid's density

3. Gravity

Minerals

100

True or False: Minerals can be organic, meaning they form from materials that were living.

False

200

List two properties of minerals.

-Streak

-Luster

-Color

-Density (D=M/V)

-Cleavage and Fracture

-Crystal Structure

-Hardness

-Special (ex: conduct electricity, magnetic)

300

Why are some minerals, like diamonds, found evenly distributed on Earth?

They require specific conditions.

400

What role does the sun's energy play in the formation of minerals from solution?

Energy from the sun causes the water to evaporate, leaving the minerals in the water behind.

500

A sample mineral has a mass of 251.1 grams and a volume of 31.0 cm³. What is the mineral's density?

D=M/V

D=M/V

D= 251.1 g /31.0 cm³

D= 8.1 g/cm³

Rocks

100

What are the three types of rocks?

-Igneous

-Metamorphic

-Sedimentary

200

How is igneous rock formed?

Forms from cooled magma or lava

300

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Forms when a rock is changed by heat, pressure, or a chemical reaction

400

Rocks are made of particles called ________.

Grains

500

Which process acts on Earth's surface to break rocks into pieces?

Weathering

Cycling of Rocks

100

The ___________ is the series of processes that occur on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.

Rock cycle

200

What processes can recycle sedimentary rock into sediment?

-Uplifting to the surface

-Weathering

-Erosion

300

What role does pressure play in the rock cycle?

Pressure physically compacts rock. Pressure can cause the rock's appearance, composition, and texture to change.

400

How do sedimentary rocks form?

When layers of sediment are compacted and cemented together

500

What type of rock can form when existing rocks are subjected to extreme heat and pressure without melting?

Metamorphic rock

Assorted

100

Where does the energy ultimately come from that is needed for organic materials to be made?

Sun

200

What is the thickest layer of Earth?

Mantle

300

Which part of the core causes the magnetic field?

Outer core

400

True or False: The same matter is recycled over and over.

True

500

List the layers of the Earth in the correct order, starting from the outermost and going to the center.

-Outer core

-Mantle

-Inner core

-Crust

-Crust

-Mantle

-Outer core

-Inner core