Minerals 1
To be classified as a mineral, a substance must:
A) Be man-made and solid
B) Occur naturally and be inorganic
C) Be liquid or gas at room temperature
D) Be made from living things
What is occur naturally and is inorganic?
Inorganic- not composed of carbon-hydrogen bonds which are characteristics of living organisms
A mineral leaves this colored powder line when it is rubbed on a plate. It remains consistent even if the mineral's surface color changes.
What is a Streak?
This type of metamorphism occurs when rock comes in contact with hot fluid near ocean vents.
A. Contact metamorphism
B. Regional metamorphism
C. Hydrothermal metamorphism
D. Dynamic metamorphism
What is C. Hydrothermal metamorphism?
Contact- when magma comes into contact with existing rock
Regional- when large amounts of rock are altered because of the high pressure and temperatures as they are pushed deep within the earth
Dynamic-when mountains are formed, huge forces of pressure bend, fold, and crush existing rocks.
This type of rock forms underground from cooled magma.
A. Plutonic or intrusive rock
B. Volcanic or extrusive rock
What is A. Plutonic or intrusive rock?
Volcanic (extrusive) rock form when the lava cools at the surface after an erupting volcano
When magma cools slowly, it creates this type of crystal.
A. Large
B. Small
C. Trick question- no crystals are formed.
What is A. Large crystals?
Cools quickly- small crystals
Very quickly- no crystals are formed
This physical property describes how a mineral reflects light from its surface, and can be metallic or nonmetallic (dull, glassy, or pearly).
What is luster?
This property measures the amount of matter in a given volume of a mineral and is calculated using the formula mass divided by volume.
What is density?
These rocks are formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, often in layers, and can contain fossils.
What are sedimentary rocks?
This type of weathering occurs when rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition (acid rain, rust, dissolving)
A. Physical/Mechanical Weathering
B. Chemical Weathering
What is B. Chemical Weathering?
Physical/Mechanical weathering happens when rocks and minerals are broken into smaller pieces, but their composition does not change
This type of mining involves the removal of large portions of earth to access the ore underneath.
A. Surface mining
B. Subsurface mining
What is A. Surface mining?
Subsurface mining involves the digging of large tunnels deep underground.
This is the most easily observed physical property of a mineral but is not very reliable, since it can vary due to heat, chemicals, or radiation.
What is color?
This property describes how a mineral breaks, along smooth planes.
What is cleavage?
This type of rock is formed when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemical processes deep within the Earth.
What are metamorphic rocks?
This process breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through physical (mechanical) or chemical means, which can then be transported and form sedimentary rocks.
A. Metamorphism
B. Weathering
C. Compaction
What is B. Weathering?
Give an example of how minerals are used in the real world.
What is minerals are used in food, buildings, electronics, cosmetics, and steel?
Color, Luster, Hardness, Streak, Density, Cleavage & Fracture are what used to do what?
What is to identify minerals?
This property describes how a mineral breaks, creating irregular, jagged surfaces.
What is fracture?
This type of sedimentary rock forms when minerals precipitate from a solution, often leaving deposits like limestone or rock salt.
A. Clastic sedimentary rock
B. Chemical sedimentary rock
C. Organic sedimentary rock
What is B. chemical sedimentary rock?
Clastic- formed from weathering and erosion of any preexisting rock.
Organic- come from the remains of plants and animals (fossils).
This process changes existing rocks into new types through heat, pressure, or chemical processes without melting them.
A. Weathering
B. Compaction
C. Metamorphism
What is C. metamorphism?
Describe the difference between land won ore and marine won ore.
What is Land won ore- ore mined from underground
Marine won ore- ore mined from under the ocean?
This physical property measures a mineral’s ability to resist scratching and is ranked using the Mohs Scale, from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond).
What is hardness?
Minerals have atoms that are arranged in _________ structures.
What is Crystal?
This type of rock is formed by the cooling and hardening of hot molten rock from inside the earth (magma)
What is igneous rock?
This term is not a texture used to describe igneous rock.
A. Glassy
B. Fine-grained
C. Coarse-grained
D. Porphyritic
E. Felsic
What is E. Felsic?
This is one of the types of magma that makes up igneous rock.
Name one thing that we can do to preserve our mineral resources.
What is recycling materials and products that already contain minerals?
What is encourage more sustainable use of mineral deposits?